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Colonization
Colonization, Sanitation, Disinfection, Sterilization
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| sanitization | mechanically removing microbes and what they need to thrive |
| disinfection | killing microorganisms |
| antiseptic | something that kills microorganisms on the surface of the skin |
| sterilization | the process where all microorganisms are killed |
| microbiocide | something that kills microorganisms |
| microbiostatic | something that does not kill microorganisms but halts their growth |
| germicidal | something that kills pathogens, particularly with helminths |
| sterilant | something that sterilizes |
| water activity | rating the availability of water for an organism to use |
| the water activity of pure water | 1.0 |
| cons of disinfectants | does not kill endospores, efficiency is determined by the microbe |
| denaturation | breaking a protein |
| purpose of moist heat | denaturation of proteins |
| cons of moist heat | typically not a sterilant unless autoclave due to most not killing all bacteria, especially spores |
| purpose of dry heat | dehydration of the cell, incineration of the cell, protein denaturation |
| cons of dry heat | takes longer with higher temps than moist heat |
| purpose of cold temperatures | microbiostatic; can be a disinfectant due to protein denaturation and ice crystals to form on the membranes |
| cons of cold temperatures | does not actually kill microbes; does not work with Gram + bacteria (spores, cell wall) |
| purpose of desiccation | removes water either be microbiostatic or disinfectant |
| cons of desiccation | does not work with halotolerant; does not kill microbes |
| purpose of EMR | disinfectant by damaging biological systems |
| cons of EMR | depends on what you are using |
| purpose of UV EMR | damages DNA and disrupts DNA replication |
| cons of UV EMR | little penetration power |
| purpose of ionizing EMR (knows electrons off atoms to create ions) | damages DNA, proteins, and other macromolecules |
| examples of ionizing EMR | X-rays, Gamma rays |
| cons of ionizing EMR | reduces nutritive value of food, though very little |
| purpose of filtration | sterilization by physically keeping microbes out |
| purpose of messing with pH | denaturing proteins, disrupting membranes, prevents spore germination |
| cons of messing with pH | does not kill spores |
| examples of weak acids | lactic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, phosphoric acid |
| purpose of detergents | sanitation due to trapping grease in hydrophobic center of a micelle |
| con of a detergent | doesn't kill a lot |
| purpose of alcohols | disrupts cell membranes and denatures proteins |
| cons of alcohols | does not kill spores |
| actions of cationic compounds | introduce positively charged nitrogen compound that will glue itself to microbes |
| purpose of cationic compounds | disrupts cell envelope, including the membrane and cell wall |
| examples of cationic compounds | quats and chlorhexidine |
| actions of oxidizing agents | make microbes lose electrons |
| purpose of oxidizing agents | disinfectant or sterilant by damaging proteins and DNA by disrupting cellular chemistry |
| purpose of heavy metals | damages the proteins by acting as a microbial control agent |
| actions of alkylating agents | add carbon atoms onto random macromolecules of microbes |
| types of alkylating agents | ethylene oxide the gas and aldehydes |
| purpose of alkylating agents | damages proteins and DNA as a form of sterilization |
| micelle | the working part of detergent |
| resident | the flora that has been growing in or on humans for a long amount of time |
| transient | the flora that is temporary and may or may not be growing |
| symbiosis | an interaction between two or more organisms |
| mutalism | symbiotic relationship in which both parties benefit |
| parasitism | symbiotic relationship in which one party benefits and the other is harmed |
| commensalism | symbiotic relationship in which one party benefits and the other is not benefiting or is harmed |
| relationships of flora | mutualism and commensalism |
| relationship of pathogens | parasitism |
| microbial antagonism | having normal flora to prevent pathogens from colonizing |
| purpose of microbial antagonism | limits the space and nutrients that a pathogen can have |
| probiotics | live bacteria |
| prebiotics | bacteria food that is not digestible for us |
Created by:
geasmith
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