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Psyc-Study Guide 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________. | evolutionary psychologists |
| The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off. | evolution by natural selection |
| Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________. | chromosomes; DNA |
| Wendy’s mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy’s ________ must be ________ and her father’s must be Bb. | genotype; bb |
| ________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall. | range of reaction |
| The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system. | terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles |
| The myelin sheath is made from ________. | glial cells |
| The space between two neurons is called the ________. | synapse |
| The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron. | membrane potential |
| In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell. | increase |
| Hyperpolarization means that the ________. | membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential |
| A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron’s cell body down the axon to the axon terminals. | action potential |
| A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________. | undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration |
| Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse? | collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release |
| Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression? | dopamine; norepinephrine |
| ________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation. | beta-endorphin |
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________. | depression |
| The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________. | central; peripheral nervous systems |
| The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration. | sympathetic |
| The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract. | parasympathetic |
| Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary | somatic |
| ________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels. | homeostasis |
| Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during the fight or flight response? | digestion functions become more active |
| Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain. | folds; grooves |
| One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function. | lateralization |
| People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________. | only the right visual field |
| Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex? | breathing |
| Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain? | Broca’s area |
| Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage’s accident, which led to brain injury? | Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors. |
| Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident? | no sensation in his legs and feet |
| The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________. | temperature, touch, and pain |
| Which of the following senses is not first routed through the thalamus? | smell |
| Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie. He has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents’ hands feeling happy. | This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the (limbic system), which is responsible for emotional memories. |
| Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Her tumor is affecting the ____. | hypothalamus |
| Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons? | He had severe seizures. |
| Jeremy has Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood. It is likely that Jeremy’s ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to. | substantia nigra; dopamine |
| Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish? | groan and move her eyes |
| Ainsley is doin a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. At the lab, she ingests a “tracer” and enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is this? | positron emission tomography (PET) |
| Parsons and her colleagues are comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and with no disorders. Their hypothesis requires a very detailed detection of differences over time. Which brain imaging technique is this? | functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) |
| Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place? | motor skill deficits in the left side of her body |
| The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be ________. | faster; longer lasting |
| Which is the main type of chemical messengers secreted by the male gonads? | androgens |
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Winter4u
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