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Chapter 3 - Exam 1
PSYC 315 psychopathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is A-B-A-B reversal design? | single case experiment where a baseline of a first behavior is first taken (A), followed by intervention phase (B), then return-to-baseline pahse, during which the intervention is removed (A), final phase intervention is reintroduced (B). |
| what is analogue research? | research that evaluates a specific variable of interest under conditions that only resemble or approximate the situation to which one wishes to generalize |
| what is assent? | having agreement on part of a child to participate in a research study without the child's having full understanding of the research |
| what is a case study? | an intensive and usually anecdotal observation and analysis of an individual subject |
| what is a cohort? | a group of individuals who are followed over time and who experience the same cultural or historical events during the same time period. |
| what is comorbidity? | its the overlapping of two or more disorders at a rate thats greater than would be expected by chance alone |
| what is correlation coefficient? | its a number that describes the degree of association between two variables of interest |
| what is cross-sectional research? | a method of research whereby different individuals at a different ages/stages of development are studied at the same point in time |
| what is electroencephalogram (EEG)? | an electrophysiological measure of brain functioning whereby electrodes are taped to the surface of the subjects scalp to record the electrical activity of the brain |
| what is epidemiological research? | this is the study of the incidence, prevalence, and cooccurrence of childhood disorders and competencies in clinic-referred and community samples |
| what is experimental design? | |
| what is external validity? | the degree to which findings can be generalized, or extended to people, settings, times, measures, and characteristics other than the ones in the original study |
| importance of scientific approach to study child abnormal psychology | |
| what are incidence rates? | the rate at which new cases of a disorder appear over a specified period of time |
| what is internal validity? | the extent to which an intended manipulation of a variable, rather than extraneous influences, accounts for observed results, changes, or group differences |
| what is longitudinal research? | a method of research whereby the same individuals are studies at different ages/stages of development |
| what are mediator variables? | the process, mechanisms, or means through which a variable produces a specific outcome |
| what are moderator variables? | a factor that influences the direction or strenth of a relationship between variables |
| what are multiple-baseline designs? | different responses of the same individual are identified and measured over time to provide a baseline against which changes may be evaluated |
| what are natural experiments? | experiments in which comparisons are made between preexisting conditions or treamtnets |
| what is naturalistic observation? | the unstructured observation of a child in their natural environment |
| what is neuroimaging? | method of examining the structure and/or function of the brain |
| what are prevalence rates? | the number of cases of a disorder, wheter new or previously existing, that are observed during a specified period of time |
| what is qualitative research? | research for which the purpose is to describe, interpret, and understand the phenomenon of interest in the context in which its experienced |
| what is quasi-experimental design? | |
| what is random assignment? | the assignment of research participants to treatment conditions whereby each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to either condition |
| what are randomized controlled trials (RCTs)? | a design used to evaluate treatment outcomes in which children with a particular problem are randomly assigned to various treatment and control conditions |
| what are real-time prospective designs? | research desings in which the research sample is identified and then followed longitudinally over time, with data collected at specified time intervals |
| what is reliability? | the extent to which the result of an experiment is consistent or repeatable |
| what is research? | generally viewed as a systematic way of finding answers to questions |
| what are research designs? | strategies used to examine questions of interest |
| what are reasons for skepticism about research in abnormal child psychology? | |
| what are retrospective designs? | a research design in which people in the research sample are asked to provide information relating to an earlier time |
| what are single-case experimental designs? | a type of research design most frequently used to evaluate the impact of a clinical treatment on a subject’s problem |
| what is standardization? | the process by which a set of standards or norms is specified for a measurement procedure so that it can be used consistently across different assessments |
| what is structured observation? | observation of a subject, usually occuring in a clinic or lab, in which the subject is given a task/ instruction to carry out, researchers look for specific information |
| what is treatment effectiveness? | the degree to which treatment can be shown to work in actual clinical practice, as opposed to under controlled lab conditions |
| what is treatment efficacy? | degree to which a treatment can produce changes under well-controlled conditions that depart from those typically used in clinical practice |
| what is true experiment? | experiment in which the researcher has max control over the independent variable or conditions of interest and in which the researcher can use random assignment of subjects to groups, can include needed control conditions, and possible sources of bias. |
| what is validity? | The extent to which a measure actually assesses the dimension or construct that the researcher sets out to measure. |
Created by:
anaelc
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