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Chapter 2 - Exam 1
PSYC 315 psychopathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is adaptational failure? | its the failure to master or progress in accomplishing developmental milestones |
| what is attachment? | the process of establishing and maintaining an emotional bond with parents or other significant caregivers |
| what are behavioral genetics? | this is a branch of genetics that investigate possible connections between a genetic predisposition and observed behavior |
| what are brain circuits? | these are paths made up of clustered neurons that connect one part of the brain to another |
| what is Bronfenbrenner's ecological model? | the child's environment is a series of nested and interconnected structures with the child at the center |
| what is continuity? | developmental changes are gradual and quantitative; you can predict future behavior patterns |
| what is cortisol? | this is a stress hormone produced by the adrenal gland |
| what are developmental cascades? | the process by which a child's previous experiences and interactions may spread across other systems and alter their course of development |
| what is developmental psychopathology? | this is an approach to describe and study disorders of childhood and adolescence in a manner that emphasizes the importance of developmental processes and tasks. |
| what is discontinuity? | developmental changes are abrupt and qualitative; not predictive of future behavior patterns |
| what is emotion reactivity? | a dimension of emotional processes associated with individual differences in the threshold and intensity of emotional experience |
| what is emotion regulation? | the process by which emotional arousal is redirected, controlled, or modified to facilitate adaptive functioning |
| what is epigenetic mechanism? | the underlying biological changes to genetic structure resulting from environmental factors |
| what is epinephrine? | its a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that's released into the bloodstream and activates fight or flight |
| what is etiology? | this is the study of the causes of disorders |
| what are family systems? | this is the theory that the behavior of an individual can be most accurately understood in the context of the dynamics of their family |
| what is frontal lobe? | responsible for the function underlying much of our thinking and reasoning abilities, including memory |
| what are gene-environment interactions (GXE)? | its the complex interplay of nature and nurture to account for genetic and environmental influences and their timing |
| what is health promotion? | this is an approach to the prevention of disease that involves education, public policy, and similar actions to promote health |
| what is hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis? | regulatory system made up of hypothalamus & pituitary & adrenal gland. influences a person's response to stress and their ability to regulate emotions |
| what is interdependent? | this is the assumption that abnormal child behavior is determined by both the child and their environment and that these factors are interconnected |
| what are molecular genetics? | these are the methods of genetics that directly assess the association between variations in DNA sequences and variations in particular traits |
| what is neural plasticity? | the malleable nature of the brain, evidenced throughout the course of development |
| what is nonshared environment? | refers to the environmental factors that produce behavioral differences among siblings living in the same household |
| what is organization of development? | the assumption that early patterns of adaptation evolve over time and transform into higher-order functions |
| what are personality disorders? | a pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from the expectations of the individuals culture, resulting in clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning |
| what are sensitive periods? | windows of time during which environmental influences on development (good & bad) are heightened, thus providing enhanced opportunities to learn |
| what are shared environments? | refers to the environmental factors that produce similarities in developmental outcomes among siblings living in the same household |
| what is social cognition? | a construct to describe how people think about themselves in relation to others, and how they interpret ambiguous events and solve problems |
| what is social learning? | a theoretical approach to the study of behavior that is interested in both overt behaviors and the role of possible cognitive mediators that may influence such behaviors directly or indirectly |
| what is temperament? | the child's innate reactivity and self-regulation with respect to the domains of emotions, activity level and attention |
| what is transaction | the process by which the subject and environment interact in a dynamic fashion to contribute to the expression of a disorder |
| what are epigenetics? | the study of how behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way an individual's genes work |
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anaelc
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