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Cell Division

TermDefinition
mitosis a process of cell division which produces new cells for growth and repair that are identical to the parent cell
meiosis a process of cell division which produces reproductive (sex) cells that carry half the genetic material of the parent
gamete reproductive cells, such as sperm and egg cells, that contain half of the genetic material from the parent cell
DNA the material that carries all the information about how a living thing will look and function
chromosome threadlike structure within the nucleus of a cell that contains the genetic information DNA
chromatin a molecule made of tightly wound up DNA; when it is coiled up, it is called a chromosome
interphase the normal or resting state of a cell
prophase phase of mitosis between interphase and metaphase in which chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane and nucleolus break down in order to prepare the cell for division
metaphase phase of mitosis between prophase and anaphase in which the chromosome pairs line up along the center (equator) of the cell
anaphase phase of mitosis between metaphase and telophase in which the chromosome pairs are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell
telophase phase of mitosis after anaphase in which two new nuclear envelopes form to contain each half of the DNA; the cell membranes form and separate the two new cells
cytokinesis occurs after telophase; the cytoplasm divides and the parent cell separates to form two new identical daughter cells
centriole organelle that produces spindle fibers in order to help the cell separate during mitosis
centromere the structure that holds the two parts of a chromosome pair together
spindle fiber filaments from the centriole that connect to the centromeres of chromosome pairs and pull them apart as the cell separates in anaphase
Created by: user-2022822
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