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Chapter 5
Learners with intellectual & developmental disabilities
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Natural supports | Resources in person's environment that can be used for support, such as family, friends, and co-workers |
| intellectual disability | the newer term for "mental retardation" a disability in intelligence and behavior |
| adaptive behavior | the social and practical intelligence used in peoples everyday lives; along with IQ is considered in making a determination of intellectual disability |
| social intelligence | One's ability to understand or interpret social interactions between people, such as whether someone is angry or happy; a component of adaptive behavior, which , is addition to IQ is used to determine whether someone has intellectual disability |
| practical intelligence | |
| supports | resources and strategies that promote a persons' development, education, interest, personal well-being; critical to the AAIDD's conceptualization of intellectual disabilities |
| mild | IQ is approximately 50-70 |
| moderate | IQ is approximately 35-50 |
| severe | IQ is approximately 20-35 |
| profound | A classification used to specify and individual whose IQ is below 20 |
| prenatal | The time before birth |
| perinatal | The time of birth |
| postnatal | The time after birth |
| chromosomal disorders | any of several syndromes resulting from abnormal or damaged chromosome(s)' can result in intellectual disability |
| down syndrome | a condition resulting from the abnormality with the 21st pair of chromosomes |
| chromosomes | A rod shaped entity in the nucleus of the cell; contains genes, which convey hereditary characteristics; each cell in the human body contains 23 pairs of chromosomes |
| maternal serum screening | A method of screening the fetus for dev. issues such as downs or spina bifida, a blood sample is taken from the mother and analyzed |
| Nuchal translucency ultrasound | a method of screening for downs; fluid from behind the fetus' neck and protein from the mothers blood are analyzed |
| amniocentesis | a medical procedure that allows examination of the amniotic fluid around the fetus; sometimes recommended to determine the presence of abnormality |
| Spina bifida | A congenital midline defect resulting from failure of the biny spinal column to close completely during fetal dev |
| Fragile X syndrome | is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and autism, resulting from a mutation in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. It prevents the production of a crucial protein for brain development. Occurs more often in males than females |
| Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | |
| Prader-Willi syndrome | |
| Williams syndrome | |
| inborn errors of metabolism | |
| phenylketonuria (PKU) | |
| Microcephalus | |
| Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder | |
| Fetal alcohol syndrome | |
| anoxia | |
| Runella (German measles) | |
| Low birth weight (LBW) | |
| Syphillis | |
| herpes simplex | |
| Meningitis | |
| Encephalitis | |
| mental age | |
| chronological age | |
| working memory (WM) | |
| Self-regulation | |
| Metacognition | |
| Behavioral phenotypes | |
| Explicit instructions | |
| systematic instruction | |
| functional academics | |
| Deinstitutionalization movement | |
| supported living | |
| Community residential facilities (CRF) | |
| Sheltered workshops | |
| supported competitive employment | |
| Self-determination | |
| Person-centered planning | |
| Learned helplessness |
Created by:
MorganBlakeman