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Q4 - Pharmacotherapy

Quarter 4 Pharmacotherapy

Generic nameDrug overview
sertraline Brand name: Zoloft Class: SSRI Indication: Depression Pearls: - ADRs of SSRIs include: GI disturbances, sleep disturbances, sexual dysfunction
fluoxetine Brand name: Prozac Class: SSRI Indication: Depression Pearls: - ADRs of SSRIs include: GI disturbances, sleep disturbances, sexual dysfunction
paroxetine Brand name: Paxil Class: SSRI Indication: Depression Pearls: - ADRs of SSRIs include: GI disturbances, sleep disturbances, sexual dysfunction
citalopram Brand name: Celexa Class: SSRI Indication: Depression Pearls: - ADRs of SSRIs include: GI disturbances, sleep disturbances, sexual dysfunction
escitalopram Brand name: Lexapro Class: SSRI Indication: Depression Pearls: - ADRs of SSRIs include: GI disturbances, sleep disturbances, sexual dysfunction
duloxetine Brand name: Cymbalta Class: SNRI Indication: Depression; neuropathic pain Pearls: - ADRs of SNRIs include: GI disturbances, sleep disturbances, sexual dysfunction
venlafaxine Brand name: Effexor Class: SNRI Indication: Depression Pearls: - ADRs of SNRIs include: GI disturbances, sleep disturbances, sexual dysfunction
desvenlafaxine Brand name: Pristiq Class: SNRI Indication: Depression Pearls: - ADRs of SNRIs include: GI disturbances, sleep disturbances, sexual dysfunction
amitriptyline Brand name: Elavil Class: TCA Indication: Depression; migraine prophylaxis Pearls: - ADR: Anticholinergic side effects (dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision) - Can cause sedation, often dosed at bedtime
nortriptyline Brand name: Pamelor Class: TCA Indication: Depression; migraine prophylaxis Pearls: - ADR: Anticholinergic side effects (dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision) - Can cause sedation, often dosed at bedtime
bupropion Brand name: Zyban; Wellbutrin Class: Norepinephrine/dopamine reuptake inhibitor Indication: Antidepressant; smoking cessation; ADHD Pearls: - IR and ER (Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin XL) used for depression/ADHD - SR (Zyban) used for smoking cessation
mirtazapine Brand name: Remeron Class: Atypical antidepressant Indication: Depression Pearls: - ADR: Sedation; weight gain - May be helpful in patients with poor appetite or insomnia
trazodone Brand name: Desyrel Class: Atypical antidepressant Indication: Depression; insomnia Pearls: - Causes sedation; commonly used off-label for sleep
phenelzine Brand name: Nardil Class: MAOI Indication: Treatment-resistant depression Pearls: - Dietary restriction: Avoid tyramine-rich foods (e.g., aged cheeses, cured meats, chocolate, wine) - Risk of hypertensive crisis - Many drug interactions
tranylcypromine Brand name: Parnate Class: MAOI Indication: Treatment-resistant depression Pearls: - Dietary restriction: Avoid tyramine-rich foods (e.g., aged cheeses, cured meats, chocolate, wine) - Risk of hypertensive crisis - Many drug interactions
isocarboxazid Brand name: Marplan Class: MAOI Indication: Treatment-resistant depression Pearls: - Dietary restriction: Avoid tyramine-rich foods (e.g., aged cheeses, cured meats, chocolate, wine) - Risk of hypertensive crisis - Many drug interactions
selegiline Brand name: Emsam Class: MAOI Indication: Treatment-resistant depression Pearls: - Dietary restriction: Avoid tyramine-rich foods (e.g., aged cheeses, cured meats, chocolate, wine) - Risk of hypertensive crisis - Many drug interactions
haloperidol Brand name: Haldol Class: Typical (first-generation) antipsychotic Indication: Schizophrenia Pearls: - High risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) (e.g., dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism) - Benztropine is often prescribed to manage EPS
aripiprazole Brand name: Abilify Class: Atypical (second-generation) antipsychotic Indication: Schizophrenia Pearls: - Second-generation agents have a lower risk of EPS compared with first-generation - “-azole” suffix ≠ antifungal
clozapine Brand name: Clozaril Class: Atypical (second-generation) antipsychotic Indication: Treatment-resistant schizophrenia Pearls: - Risk of agranulocytosis; requires regular CBC monitoring; REMS program required
lurasidone Brand name: Latuda Class: Atypical (second-generation) antipsychotic Indication: Schizophrenia Pearls: - Second-generation agents have a lower risk of EPS compared with first-generation
olanzapine Brand name: Zyprexa Class: Atypical (second-generation) antipsychotic Indication: Schizophrenia Pearls: - ADR: Sedation, weight gain, hyperglycemia, and metabolic syndrome - Monitor weight, glucose, and lipids - LAI formulation has a REMS program
paliperidone Brand name: Invega Class: Atypical (second-generation) antipsychotic Indication: Schizophrenia Pearls: - Second-generation agents have a lower risk of EPS compared with first-generation
quetiapine Brand name: Seroquel Class: Atypical (second-generation) antipsychotic Indication: Schizophrenia Pearls: - Second-generation agents have a lower risk of EPS compared with first-generation - Causes sedation; often dosed at bedtime
risperidone Brand name: Risperdal Class: Atypical (second-generation) antipsychotic Indication: Schizophrenia Pearls: - Second-generation agents have a lower risk of EPS compared with first-generation
gabapentin Brand name: Neurontin Class: Anticonvulsant Indication: Epilepsy; nerve pain Pearls: - Often used for nerve pain, not effective for acute pain relief - Not a controlled substance at the federal level - Some states classify it as controlled
pregabalin Brand name: Lyrica Class: Anticonvulsant Indication: Epilepsy; nerve pain Pearls: - Often used for nerve pain, not effective for acute pain - DEA Schedule V
topiramate Brand name: Topamax Class: Anticonvulsant Indication: Epilepsy; migraine prophylaxis Pearls: - Often used to prevent migraines - Hazardous drug - Avoid in pregnancy (teratogenic)
divalproex Brand name: Depakote Class: Anticonvulsant Indication: Epilepsy Pearls: - Hazardous drug - Avoid in pregnancy (teratogenic)
phenytoin Brand name: Dilantin Class: Anticonvulsant Indication: Epilepsy Pearls: - Narrow therapeutic index (NTI) drug
lamotrigine Brand name: Lamictal Class: Anticonvulsant Indication: Epilepsy Pearls: - Risk of serious rash (Stevens–Johnson syndrome), especially with rapid dose escalation - Must be titrated slowly
levetiracetam Brand name: Keppra Class: Anticonvulsant Indication: Epilepsy Pearls:
calcium carbonate Brand name: Tums Class: Antacid Indication: Heartburn Pearls: - Used for immediate, short-term relief - Can interfere with absorption of other medications (separate from other meds by ≥2 hours) - Also used as a calcium supplement
magnesium hydroxide Brand name: Milk of Magnesia; Maalox Class: Antacid Indication: Heartburn Pearls: - Used for immediate, short-term relief - Can interfere with absorption of other medications (separate from other meds by ≥2 hours)
aluminum hydroxide Brand name: Mylanta Class: Antacid Indication: Heartburn Pearls: - Used for immediate, short-term relief - Can interfere with absorption of other medications (separate from other meds by ≥2 hours)
famotidine Brand name: Pepcid Class: Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist Indication: GERD Pearls: - Also available OTC - Not for immediate symptom relief
cimetidine Brand name: Tagamet Class: Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist Indication: GERD Pearls: - Also available OTC - Not for immediate symptom relief
ranitidine Brand name: Zantac Class: Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist Indication: GERD Pearls: - Removed from U.S. market due to NDMA contamination; unlikely to appear on PTCE
omeprazole Brand name: Prilosec Class: PPI (Proton pump inhibitor) Indication: GERD Pearls: - Take 30-60 minutes before breakfast - Not for immediate relief - “-azole” suffix ≠ antifungal - Also available OTC
esomeprazole Brand name: Nexium Class: PPI (Proton pump inhibitor) Indication: GERD Pearls: - Take 30-60 minutes before breakfast - Not for immediate relief - “-azole” suffix ≠ antifungal - Also available OTC
lansoprazole Brand name: Prevacid Class: PPI (Proton pump inhibitor) Indication: GERD Pearls: - Take 30-60 minutes before breakfast - Not for immediate relief - “-azole” suffix ≠ antifungal - Also available OTC
pantoprazole Brand name: Protonix Class: PPI (Proton pump inhibitor) Indication: GERD Pearls: - Take 30-60 minutes before breakfast - Not for immediate relief - “-azole” suffix ≠ antifungal - Also available OTC
ondansetron Brand name: Zofran Class: Antiemetic (5-HT3 receptor antagonist) Indication: Nausea / vomiting Pearls: - Commonly used for chemotherapy and radiation induced nausea
meclizine Brand name: Antivert Class: Antiemetic; antihistamine Indication: Nausea; vomiting; vertigo Pearls: - Commonly used to treat motion sickness
metoclopramide Brand name: Reglan Class: Antiemetic Indication: Nausea / vomiting Pearls:
prochlorperazine Brand name: Compazine Class: Antiemetic Indication: Nausea / vomiting Pearls:
bisacodyl Brand name: Dulcolax Class: Stimulant laxative Indication: Constipation Pearls: - Also available OTC - Not intended for long-term use
docusate Brand name: Doc-Q-Lace; Colace Class: Stool softener Indication: Constipation Pearls: - Also available OTC - Safe for long-term use
polyethylene glycol Brand name: Miralax Class: Osmotic laxative Indication: Constipation Pearls: - Abbreviation: PEG - Also available OTC - Draws water into stool - Safe for long-term use
lubiprostone Brand name: Amitiza Class: Laxative medication Indication: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Pearls: - Used for chronic constipation and IBS
linaclotide Brand name: Linzess Class: Laxative medication Indication: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Pearls:
loperamide Brand name: Imodium AD Class: Antidiarrheal (opioid receptor agonist) Indication: Diarrhea Pearls: - Available OTC
sucralfate Brand name: Carafate Class: Gastrointestinal protectant Indication: Peptic ulcer disease Pearls: - Forms a protective barrier over ulcers - Take on an empty stomach - Can bind other medications, separate dosing by at least 2 hours
simethicone Brand name: Gas-X Class: Antiflatulent Indication: Relief of gas and bloating Pearls: - Available OTC - Breaks up gas bubbles in the GI tract - Take after meals
sumatriptan Brand name: Imitrex Class: Triptan (serotonin 5-HT1 receptor agonist) Indication: Acute migraine attacks Pearls: - Not for migraine prevention - Available formulations: oral tablets, nasal spray, SQ injection
benztropine Brand name: Cogentin Class: Anticholinergic Indication: Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS); Parkinson’s disease Pearls: - Used to treat drug-induced EPS from antipsychotics - ADR: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention
ropinirole Brand name: Ropinirole Class: Dopamine agonist Indication: Parkinson’s disease; restless leg syndrome (RLS) Pearls:
pramipexole Brand name: Mirapex Class: Dopamine agonist Indication: Parkinson’s disease; restless leg syndrome (RLS) Pearls:
phentermine Brand name: Adipex-P Class: Appetite suppressant Indication: Weight management Pearls: - DEA Schedule IV - ADR: Increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, insomnia, and nervousness - Take in the morning
methotrexate Brand name: Trexall Class: Immunosuppressant Indication: Rheumatoid arthritis; cancer Pearls: - Abbreviation: MTX - Hazardous drug - Contraindicated in pregnancy; teratogenic - Typically dosed once weekly for non-cancer indications
disulfiram Brand name: Antabuse Class: Alcohol deterrent Indication: Alcohol use disorder Pearls: - Causes severe reaction with alcohol (flushing, N/V, hypotension) - Avoid all forms of alcohol - Reaction can occur up to 14 days after the last dose
Created by: pta78
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