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Q2 - Pharmacotherapy
Quarter 2 Pharmacotherapy
| Generic name | Drug overview |
|---|---|
| acetaminophen | Brand name: Tylenol Class: Analgesic (non-opioid) Indication: Pain; fever Pearls: - Abbreviation: APAP - Available OTC - Max daily dose: 3–4 g/day - Avoid alcohol |
| aspirin | Brand name: Various Class: NSAID; Salicylate Indication: Antiplatelet (low dose); Analgesic/antipyretic (high dose) Pearls: - Low-dose "baby aspirin" should never be given to infants - ADR: Increased bleeding risk - Abbreviation: ASA |
| ibuprofen | Brand name: Motrin; Advil Class: NSAID Indication: Analgesic; antipyretic (reduce fever) Pearls: - Available OTC - ↑ risk of GI irritation/bleeding - Take with food |
| naproxen | Brand name: Aleve Class: NSAID Indication: Analgesic; antipyretic (reduce fever) Pearls: - Available OTC - ↑ risk of GI irritation/bleeding - Take with food |
| meloxicam | Brand name: Mobic Class: NSAID Indication: Analgesic - arthritis pain Pearls: - ↑ risk of GI irritation/bleeding - Take with food |
| diclofenac | Brand name: Voltaren Class: NSAID Indication: Analgesic - arthritis pain Pearls: - Available as an oral tablet (prescription only) - Available as a topical gel (Rx and OTC) - ↑ risk of GI irritation/bleeding |
| celecoxib | Brand name: Celebrex Class: NSAID Indication: Analgesic - arthritis pain Pearls: - Lower incidence of GI side-effects than other NSAIDs - ADR: Increased risk of heart attack and stroke |
| hydrocodone / APAP | Brand name: Norco Class: Opioid analgesic / non-opioid analgesic Indication: Pain Pearls: - DEA Schedule II - Risk of overdose and addiction - ADR: Respiratory depression; sedation; constipation; euphoria |
| oxycodone IR | Brand name: Roxicodone Class: Opioid analgesic Indication: Pain Pearls: - DEA Schedule II - Risk of overdose and addiction - ADR: Respiratory depression; sedation; constipation; euphoria |
| oxycodone ER | Brand name: OxyContin Class: Opioid analgesic Indication: Pain Pearls: - DEA Schedule II - Risk of overdose and addiction - ADR: Respiratory depression; sedation; constipation; euphoria |
| oxycodone / APAP | Brand name: Percocet Class: Opioid analgesic / non-opioid analgesic Indication: Pain Pearls: - DEA Schedule II - Risk of overdose and addiction - ADR: Respiratory depression; sedation; constipation; euphoria |
| morphine sulfate IR | Brand name: Various Class: Opioid analgesic Indication: Pain Pearls: - DEA Schedule II - Risk of overdose and addiction - ADR: Respiratory depression; sedation; constipation; euphoria |
| morphine sulfate ER | Brand name: MS Contin Class: Opioid analgesic Indication: Pain Pearls: - DEA Schedule II - Risk of overdose and addiction - ADR: Respiratory depression; sedation; constipation; euphoria |
| fentanyl | Brand name: Duragesic Class: Opioid analgesic Indication: Pain Pearls: - Available in a long-acting (72 hours) patch formulation. - DEA Schedule II - Risk of overdose and addiction - ADR: Respiratory depression; sedation; constipation; euphoria |
| acetaminophen / codeine | Brand name: Tylenol #3 Class: Opioid analgesic Indication: Pain Pearls: - DEA Schedule III - Risk of overdose and addiction - ADR: Respiratory depression; sedation; constipation; euphoria |
| tramadol | Brand name: Ultram Class: Opioid analgesic Indication: Pain Pearls: - Lower potency opioid; still risk of dependence - DEA Schedule IV - ADR: Respiratory depression; sedation; constipation; euphoria |
| Naloxone nasal spray | Brand name: Narcan Class: Opioid antagonist Indication: Emergency treatment for opioid overdose Pearls: - Available by prescription and OTC in most states - Effects are temporary. May require repeat dosing. Seek immediate medical attention after use |
| buprenorphine / naloxone | Brand name: Suboxone Class: Opioid partial agonist / opioid antagonist Indication: Opioid use disorder Pearls: - Treats withdrawal symptoms associated with opioid use |
| cyclobenzaprine | Brand name: Flexeril Class: Muscle relaxant Indication: Muscle spasm Pearls: - ADR: Drowsiness; sedation; dizziness; dry mouth - Causes CNS depression. Avoid alcohol and other sedatives |
| tizanidine | Brand name: Zanaflex Class: Muscle relaxant Indication: Muscle spasm Pearls: - ADR: Drowsiness; sedation; dizziness; dry mouth - Causes CNS depression. Avoid alcohol and other sedatives |
| baclofen | Brand name: Lioresal Class: Muscle relaxant Indication: Muscle spasm Pearls: - ADR: Drowsiness; sedation; dizziness; dry mouth - Causes CNS depression. Avoid alcohol and other sedatives |
| methocarbamol | Brand name: Robaxin Class: Muscle relaxant Indication: Muscle spasm Pearls: - ADR: Drowsiness; sedation; dizziness; dry mouth - Causes CNS depression. Avoid alcohol and other sedatives |
| carisoprodol | Brand name: Soma Class: Muscle relaxant Indication: Muscle spasm Pearls: - ADR: Drowsiness; sedation; dizziness; dry mouth - Causes CNS depression. Avoid alcohol and other sedatives - DEA Schedule IV |
| amphetamine / dextroamphetamine | Brand name: Adderall Class: CNS stimulant Indication: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Pearls: - DEA Schedule II - ADR: increased heart rate and blood pressure; insomnia - Take doses earlier in the day to prevent insomnia |
| lisdexamfetamine | Brand name: Vyvanse Class: CNS stimulant Indication: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Pearls: - DEA Schedule II - ADR: increased heart rate and blood pressure; insomnia - Take doses earlier in the day to prevent insomnia |
| methylphenidate | Brand name: Ritalin; Concerta Class: CNS stimulant Indication: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Pearls: - DEA Schedule II - ADR: increased heart rate and blood pressure; insomnia - Take doses earlier in the day to prevent insomnia |
| dexmethylphenidate | Brand name: Focalin Class: CNS stimulant Indication: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Pearls: - DEA Schedule II - ADR: increased heart rate and blood pressure; insomnia - Take doses earlier in the day to prevent insomnia |
| atomoxetine | Brand name: Strattera Class: Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor Indication: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Pearls: - Non-stimulant - Not controlled |
| guanfacine | Brand name: Intuniv Class: Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist Indication: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Pearls: - Non-stimulant - Not controlled |
| clonidine | Brand name: Catapress; Kapvay Class: Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist Indication: Hypertension; ADHD Pearls: - ADR: orthostatic hypotension. Patients should rise slowly from sitting or lying positions |
| bupropion | Brand name: Zyban; Wellbutrin Class: Norepinephrine/dopamine reuptake inhibitor Indication: Antidepressant; smoking cessation; ADHD Pearls: - IR and ER (Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin XL) used for depression/ADHD - SR (Zyban) used for smoking cessation |
| alprazolam | Brand name: Xanax Class: Benzodiazepine Indication: Anxiety; insomnia Pearls: - Risk of dependence and withdrawal - DEA Schedule IV - Avoid alcohol and opioids (↑ respiratory depression) - ADR: Sedation, drowsiness, dizziness |
| clonazepam | Brand name: Klonopin Class: Benzodiazepine Indication: Anxiety; insomnia Pearls: - DEA Schedule IV - ADR: Sedation, drowsiness, dizziness |
| lorazepam | Brand name: Ativan Class: Benzodiazepine Indication: Anxiety; insomnia Pearls: - DEA Schedule IV - ADR: Sedation, drowsiness, dizziness |
| diazepam | Brand name: Valium Class: Benzodiazepine Indication: Anxiety; insomnia Pearls: - DEA Schedule IV - ADR: Sedation, drowsiness, dizziness |
| temazepam | Brand name: Restoril Class: Benzodiazepine Indication: Insomnia Pearls: - DEA Schedule IV - ADR: Sedation, drowsiness, dizziness - Only indicated for insomnia. Not used to treat anxiety |
| buspirone | Brand name: Buspar Class: Anti-anxiety agent Indication: Anxiety Pearls: - Used on a scheduled basis. Not PRN - Non-sedating - Non-habit forming - Not controlled |
| zolpidem | Brand name: Ambien Class: Hypnotic Indication: Insomnia Pearls: - DEA Schedule IV - ADR: Sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, impaired memory |
| eszopiclone | Brand name: Lunesta Class: Hypnotic Indication: Insomnia Pearls: - DEA Schedule IV - ADR: Sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, impaired memory |
| ramelteon | Brand name: Rozerem Class: Melatonin receptor agonist Indication: Insomnia Pearls: - Not habit forming - Not controlled |
| hydroxyzine | Brand name: Vistaril; Atarax Class: H1 Antihistamine (1st generation) Indication: Allergies; anxiety; insomnia Pearls: - Non-controlled anxiolytic alternative - ADR: Drowsiness |
| diphenhydramine | Brand name: Benadryl Class: H1 Antihistamine (1st generation) Indication: Allergies; insomnia Pearls: - Also available OTC - ADR: Drowsiness, dry mouth, urinary retention |
| trazodone | Brand name: Trazodone Class: Antidepressant Indication: Insomnia Pearls: - Sedating antidepressant commonly used off-label for sleep |
| mirtazapine | Brand name: Remeron Class: Antidepressant Indication: Insomnia Pearls: - Causes sedation and weight gain |
| diphenhydramine | Brand name: Benadryl Class: H1 Antihistamine (1st generation) Indication: Allergies; insomnia Pearls: - Also available OTC - ADR: Drowsiness, dry mouth, urinary retention |
| hydroxyzine | Brand name: Vistaril; Atarax Class: H1 Antihistamine (1st generation) Indication: Allergies; anxiety; insomnia Pearls: - ADR: Drowsiness, dry mouth, urinary retention |
| loratadine | Brand name: Claritin Class: H1 Antihistamine (2nd generation) Indication: Allergies Pearls: - Also available OTC - 2nd generation antihistamines are less sedating than 1st generation |
| cetirizine | Brand name: Zyrtec Class: H1 Antihistamine (2nd generation) Indication: Allergies Pearls: - Also available OTC - 2nd generation antihistamines are less sedating than 1st generation |
| fexofenadine | Brand name: Allegra Class: H1 Antihistamine (2nd generation) Indication: Allergies Pearls: - Also available OTC - 2nd generation antihistamines are less sedating than 1st generation |
| olopatadine | Brand name: Patanol; Pataday Class: Ophthalmic antihistamine Indication: Eye allergies Pearls: - Formulated as eye drops - Also available OTC |
| ketotifen | Brand name: Zaditor Class: Ophthalmic antihistamine Indication: Eye allergies Pearls: - Formulated as eye drops - Also available OTC |
| prednisolone | Brand name: Ora-Pred Class: Corticosteroid Indication: Allergies; anti-inflammatory; immunosuppressant Pearls: - Oral doses are often tapered to prevent adrenal suppression |
| prednisone | Brand name: Deltasone Class: Corticosteroid Indication: Allergies; anti-inflammatory; immunosuppressant Pearls: - Oral doses are often tapered to prevent adrenal suppression |
| methylprednisolone | Brand name: Medrol Class: Corticosteroid Indication: Allergies; anti-inflammatory; immunosuppressant Pearls: - Oral doses are often tapered to prevent adrenal suppression |
| hydrocortisone topical | Brand name: Cortizone Class: Topical corticosteroid Indication: Allergies Pearls: - Also available OTC - Use short-term; avoid face/groin unless directed |
| triamcinolone topical | Brand name: Kenalog Class: Topical corticosteroid Indication: Allergies Pearls: - Use short-term; avoid face/groin unless directed |
| clobetasol topical | Brand name: Clobex Class: Topical corticosteroid Indication: Allergies Pearls: - Use short-term; avoid face/groin unless directed |
| mometasone topical | Brand name: Elocon Class: Topical corticosteroid Indication: Allergies Pearls: - Use short-term; avoid face/groin unless directed |
| fluticasone nasal spray | Brand name: Flonase Class: Intranasal corticosteroid Indication: Allergies; rhinitis Pearls: - Also available OTC |
| triamcinolone nasal spray | Brand name: Nasacort Class: Intranasal corticosteroid Indication: Allergies; rhinitis Pearls: - Also available OTC |
| epinephrine auto injector | Brand name: EpiPen Class: Sympathomimetic Indication: Anaphylaxis Pearls: - Emergency rescue injection for severe allergic reactions |
| oseltamivir | Brand name: Tamiflu Class: Antiviral Indication: Prevent or treat influenza Pearls: - Most effective if started within 48 hours of symptom onset - Can be used for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza |
| guaifenesin | Brand name: Mucinex; Robitussin Class: Expectorant Indication: Cough and chest congestion Pearls: - Loosens mucus making it easier to cough up - Available OTC - Should be taken with plenty of water - Ingredient in many combination cold/flu products |
| benzonatate | Brand name: Tessalon Perles Class: Antitussive Indication: Cough Pearls: - Capsules must be swallowed whole. Do not chew or crush. - Keep out of reach of children (accidental ingestion is dangerous) |
| dextromethorphan | Brand name: Various Class: Antitussive Indication: Cough Pearls: - Also available OTC. Most states require individuals to be 18+ to purchase. - Combination products containing dextromethorphan typically have "DM" in their name (e.g., Mucinex DM) |
| codeine | Brand name: Various Class: Antitussive Indication: Cough Pearls: - DEA Schedule V (when in cough formulations) - Cough products with codeine are available OTC in some states |
| pseudoephedrine | Brand name: Sudafed Class: Decongestant Indication: Nasal congestion Pearls: - Abbreviation: PSE - Combination products often have "D" in their name (e.g., Mucinex D) - ADR: Restlessness, insomnia, ↑ HR - Available OTC but has sales restrictions |
| phenylephrine | Brand name: Sudafed PE Class: Decongestant Indication: Nasal congestion Pearls: - Available OTC without sales restrictions - Less effective than pseudoephedrine |
| oxymetazoline | Brand name: Afrin Class: Decongestant Indication: Nasal congestion Pearls: - Nasal spray - Available OTC - Extended use can lead to rebound congestion |
| latanoprost | Brand name: Xalatan Class: Ophthalmic prostaglandin Indication: Glaucoma Pearls: - Store refrigerated before opening; once opened may store at room temp up to 6 weeks - May cause darkening of iris and increased eyelash growth |
| travoprost | Brand name: Travatan Class: Ophthalmic prostaglandin Indication: Glaucoma Pearls: - May be stored refrigerated or at room temp - May cause darkening of iris and increased eyelash growth |
| timolol ophthalmic | Brand name: Timoptic Class: Ophthalmic beta-blocker Indication: Glaucoma Pearls: |
| brimonidine ophthalmic | Brand name: Alphagan Class: Ophthalmic alpha-agonist Indication: Glaucoma Pearls: |
| colchicine | Brand name: Colcrys Class: Antigout agent Indication: Acute gout flare Pearls: - Typically used to treat acute gout flare-ups - Typical dosing: 2 tabs/caps (1.2mg) now, followed by 1 tab/cap (0.6mg) 1 hour later |
| allopurinol | Brand name: Zyloprim Class: Xanthine oxidase inhibitor Indication: Gout Pearls: - Used to prevent recurrent gout flare-ups - Risk of rash; stop if severe reaction |
| febuxostat | Brand name: Uloric Class: Xanthine oxidase inhibitor Indication: Gout Pearls: - Used to prevent recurrent gout flare-ups - Alternative for patients intolerant to allopurinol |
| alendronate | Brand name: Fosamax Class: Bisphosphonate Indication: Osteoporosis Pearls: - Weekly dosing (most common) - Can cause esophageal irritation - Take on empty stomach with 6-8oz of water. Remain upright for at least 30 minutes. |
| ibandronate | Brand name: Boniva Class: Bisphosphonate Indication: Osteoporosis Pearls: - Monthly dosing - Can cause esophageal irritation - Take on empty stomach with 6-8oz of water. Remain upright for at least 30 minutes. |
| ergocalciferol | Brand name: Various Class: Vitamin supplement Indication: Osteoporosis Pearls: - Also known as Vitamin D2 - Available in low-dose daily (400 - 2,000 IU) formulations - Available in high-dose (50,000 IU) weekly/monthly formulations |
| cholecalciferol | Brand name: Various Class: Vitamin supplement Indication: Osteoporosis Pearls: - Also known as Vitamin D3 - Available as low-dose daily (400–2,000 IU) or high-dose 50,000 IU weekly/monthly - D3 is more commonly used OTC |
| Calcium | Brand name: Various Class: Nutrient Indication: Osteoporosis Pearls: - Available OTC - Best absorbed in divided doses |
Created by:
pta78
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