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Chapter 4.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Soil | the loose weathered material on Earth’s surface in which plants can grow. It is a mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, water and air. |
| bedrock | The solid layer of rock beneath the soil. |
| humus | A dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay. Helps create spaces in soil for air and water. |
| fertility | A measure of how well the soil supports plant growth. |
| loam | Soil that is made up of about equal parts clay, sand, and silt. This is the best soil for growing most plants. |
| pH scale | Measures acidity levels. |
| soil horizons | Layers of soil that differ in color, texture and composition. |
| Topsoil | A crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay and other minerals. A Horizon |
| Subsoil | Soil that usually consists of clay and other particles of rock, but little humus. It forms as rainwater washes these materials down from the A horizon. B Horizon - forms last |
| Decomposers | Organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals. |
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