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Pharm-Chpt 27
Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Goals of General Anesthesia | Analgesia, unconsciousness,amnesia |
| Analgesia is? | loss of pain perception |
| Unconsciousness is? | loss of awareness of surroundings |
| Amnesia is? | Inability to recall what took place |
| The use of a combination of drugs, each with specific effect is | Balanced Anesthesia |
| Agents involved in balanced anesthesia | preop meds, sedative hypnotics, antiemetics, antihistamines,and narcotics |
| 3 stages of administration of general anesthesia | Induction, Maintance, and recovery |
| Induction phase of general anesthesia is the period from? | the period from beginning of anesthesia until stage 3 is reached |
| Maintenance phase of general anesthesia is the period from? | the period from stage 3 until surgical procedure is complete |
| Recovery phase of general anesthesia is the period from? | is the period from discontinuation of anestehic until patient regains consciousness |
| General Anesthetics depress? | depress RAS and cerebral cortex |
| General Anesthetics depresses RAS and cerebral cortex causing? | sedation, hypnosis, anesthesia, amnesia, unconsciousness |
| Caution for General Anesthetics | status asthmaticus, increased intracranial pressure, and myasthenia gravis |
| General Anesthetics adverse reactions | circulatory depression(hypotension, shock, decreased cardiac output, arrhythmias), respiratory depression, NV, HA, malignant hyperthermia |
| Drug-Drug for Anesthetics | Ketamine and halothane, barbiturate and narcotics, Midazolam and inhaled |
| Types of General Anesthetics | barbiturate, non-barbiturate, gases and volatile liquids |
| Types of Barbiturate Anesthetics | Thiopental(Pentothal), Methohexital(Brevital) |
| Pentothal- onset? Recovery period? | Rapid onset/ ultra-short recovery period |
| Brevital- onset? recovery period? | Rapid onset/extremely short recovery period |
| Types of non-barbiturate anesthetics | Midazolam, Droperidol(Inapsine), Etomidate(Amidate), Ketmaine(Keetalar), and Propofol(Diprivan) |
| Midazolam-- onset? causes?? | rapid onset, causes NV |
| Inapsine-- onset? contra? | rapid onset, don't use with renal or hepatic failure |
| Amidate--onset? recovery? contra? | rapid onset and recovery/ don't use less than 10yrs old |
| Keetalar function | makes a state of unconsciousness |
| Diprivan? | short action; bradycardia and hypotension |
| Nonbarbiturate anesthetic prototype | Midazolam |
| Midazolam for? | sedation, amiolysis, and amnesia before diagnostic, therapeutic, and endoscopic procedures |
| Adverse effects of midazolam | drowsiness, sedation, lethargy, apathy, fatigue, constipation, diarrhea, incontinence, urinary retention, bradycardia, tachycardia, phlebitis at IV injection site |
| Types of Gas Anesthetics | nitrous oxide(blue cylinder). cyclopropane (orange cylinder), and ethylene(red cylinder) |
| Prototype anesthesia gas | Nitrous oxide |
| Cyclopropane-- onset? recovery? | rapid onset and recovery |
| Less toxic than most other gas anesthetics. | Ethylene |
| Types of volatile liquids | --end in ane)-- fluothane, suprane, ethrane, isoflurance, penthrane, ultrane |
| Prototype for Volatile Liquids | Halothane(Fluothane) |
| With general anesthetics, monitor?(5) | Monitor respirations(maintain airway), cardiac status(ECG), level of consciousness, temperature, and reflexes |
| With general anesthetics, provide?(3) | provide safety, comfort measures, orientation |
| Local anesthesia is? | is a temporary iterruption in production and conduction of nerve impulses |
| Local anesthesia affects? | affects permeability of nerve membranes to sodium ion |
| Local anesthesiais has less systemic absorption with? | has less systemic absorption with epinephrine |
| local anesthesia can be used?(6) | can be used topically(skin, throat, anal/rectal), infiltration(directly into tissue), field block(around area), peripheral nerve block, epidural, and spinal |
| Examples of local anesthetics | Lidocaine(xylocaine,dilocaine, solarcaine, lidoderm, octcaine) |
| Pre and post op care for local anesthetics | -assess for past allergic response -observe for shock(antiphylatic), systemic absorption(HA,restlessness, anxiety,tremors, blurred vision, NV, arrhythmias, vasodilation, cardiac arrest, resp. arrest -teach about prolonged blockade |
Created by:
mhruska
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