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Sociology Test 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sociology | Systematic study of human people guided by the sociological perspective. |
| Society | People who live in a set territory that share a common way of life. |
| How are suicide and marriage examples of the sociological perspective? | How we view Suicide and Marriage are based on what society has told us to think about these things |
| Social Marginality | Certain people are excluded from certain things based off who they are (race, class, gender) |
| Difference in Nations (High-income to Low-income) | High income countries have it easier to dominate resources while Low income countries have more trouble overcoming hardships |
| Comte | (Structural functional) Helped realize the importance of social integration. |
| Marx | (Social Conflict) Helped us see how social class affects inequality and social conflict |
| Durkheim | (Structural Functional) Created the study of sociology as a practice |
| Theory | How you explain why things happen and how they happen |
| How are theories tested? | Theories are tested by testing hypothesis with experiments |
| Independent Variable | Variable that does not change when affected by another variable |
| Dependent Variable | Variable whose values are affected by the Independent |
| Random Sample | A sample of people with no pattern in mind |
| Stratified Sample | A sample of people who fit into a certain group |
| Sample of Convenience | A sample in which people a chosen based off of easiness to access |
| Observation | Viewing and recording how the dependent variable reacts to the independent variable |
| Survey | Sending a sort of questionnaire out to a sample of people and recording their responses |
| Interview | Sitting down individually with a sample of people and asking them questions and recording the data |
| Existing Data | Studying a hypothesis based off of research that has already been acquired by another source |
| Ethical guidelines to research | Competence, Full disclosure, Protection of subjects, Informed Consent, Funding Source Disclosure, Cultural Sensitivity |
| Structural Functional (macro) | Society is stable because of multiple un-interacting parts that keeps society and its morals stable |
| Social Conflict (macro) | Society is made to benefit the few while sacrificing the majority |
| Symbolic Interaction (micro) | Society is constructed by the small everyday interactions by humans |
| Manifest Content/Function (Structural Functional) | The known and direct result of a social pattern |
| Latent Content/Function (Structural Functional) | The unknown and indirect result of a social pattern |
| Examples of a Stereotype | Women are overly emotional, Teenagers are lazy, and all asians are good at math. |
| Examples of Multiculturalism | Multiple cultures being represented |
| Examples of Monoculturalism | One culture being represented |
| Examples of Ethnocentrism eurocentrism and Afrocentrism) | Believing one group/culture is superior to the other |
| Examples of Cultural Relativism | Certain practices are done and more widely done then others |
| Nonmaterial culture | Ideas and non physical things important to a culture |
| Material culture | The physical things and item important to a culture |
| High culture | Culture pursuits of the elite/few |
| Culture vs society vs nation | Shared ways of life vs. individuals sharing that way of life vs. where a large group of individuals are sharing that way of life. |
| Popular culture | The most widely shared ideas and way of life that appeal to the general |
| Subculture | The ways and ideas shared by a small group of people |
| Counter culture | The ways and ideas that are not considered normal |
| Cultural Transmission | Moving the ideas of your culture to others |
| Symbol of culture | Physical things that are widely known to represent a culture |
| Norms | Unspoken standards and rules followed by a culture |
| Mores | Customs that define a right and wrong |
| Folkways | Customary everyday small rules (please, thank you) |
| Values | Deeply held beliefs and principles |
| Beliefs | Things that someone thinks is true without empirical evidence |
| Hunting and Gathering | . |
| Horticulture | Community that relies on plants for substinence |
| Pastoralism | Focuses on raising cattle and stock to survive. |
| Agriculture/Agrarian | Study of sociology within the agriculture/farming fields |
| Industry | The sociological impact of the work industry |
| Post Industrial Technology | Transition from manufacturing to higher-end goods |
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