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Ch. 5 Memory
Pychology Schacter Gilbert Wegner
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Memory | memory: The ability to store and retrieve information over time. |
| Encoding | encoding: The process by which we transform what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory. |
| Storage | storage: The process of maintaining information in memory over time. |
| Retreival | retrieval: The process of bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored. |
| Elaborative Encoding | elaborative encoding: The process of actively relating new information to knowledge that is already in memory. |
| Visual Imagry Encoding | visual imagery encoding: The process of storing new information by converting it into mental pictures |
| Organizational Encoding | organizational encoding: The act of categorizing information by noticing the relationships among a series of items. |
| Memory Storage | memory storage: The process of maintaining information in memory over time. |
| Sensory Memory Store | sensory memory store: The place in which sensory information is kept for a few seconds or less. |
| Iconic Memory | iconic memory: A fast-decaying store of visual information. |
| Echoic Memory | echoic memory: A fast-decaying store of auditory information. |
| Short-term Memory Store | short-term memory store: A place where nonsensory information is kept for more than a few seconds but less than a minute. |
| Rehearsal | rehearsal: The process of keeping information in short-term memory by mentally repeating it. |
| Chunking | chunking: Combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term memory. |
| Working Memory | working memory: Active maintenance of information in short-term storage. |
| Long Term Memory Store | long-term memory store: A place where information can be kept for hours, days, weeks, or years. |
| Anteriograde Amnesia | anterograde amnesia: The inability to transfer new information from the short-term store into the long-term store. |
| Retrograde Amnesia | retrograde amnesia: The inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an injury or operation. |
| Long-term Potenation | long-term potentiation (LTP): Enhanced neural processing that results from the strengthening of synaptic connections. |
| NMDA Receptor | NMDA receptor: A hippocampal receptor site that influences the flow of information from one neuron to another across the synapse by controlling the initiation of long-term potentiation |
| Retreival Cue | retrieval cue: External information that is associated with stored information and helps bring it to mind. |
| Encoding Specifity Principle | encoding specificity principle: The idea that a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way in which information was initially encoded. |
| State-dependent Retreival | encoding specificity principle: The idea that a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way in which information was initially encoded. |
| Transfer Appropriate Processing | transfer-appropriate processing: The idea that memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when we process information in a way that is appropriate to the retrieval cues that will be available later. |
| Explicit Memory | explicit memory: The act of consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences. |
| Implicit Memory | implicit memory: The influence of past experiences on later behavior and performance, even though people are not trying to recollect them and are not aware that they are remembering them. |
| Procedural Memory | procedural memory: The gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice, or "knowing how," to do things. |
| Priming | priming: An enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as a word or object, as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus. |
| Symantic Memory | semantic memory: A network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world. |
| Episodic Memory | episodic memory: The collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place. |
| Transience | transience: Forgetting what occurs with the passage of time. |
| Retroactive Interference | retroactive interference: Situations in which later learning impairs memory for information acquired earlier. |
| Proactive Interference | proactive interference: Situations in which earlier learning impairs memory for information acquired later. |
| Absentmindedness | absentmindedness: A lapse in attention that results in memory failure. |
| Propspective Memory | prospective memory: Remembering to do things in the future. |
| Blocking | blocking: A failure to retrieve information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it. |
| Tip-of-the-toungue Experience | tip-of-the-tongue experience: The temporary inability to retrieve information that is stored in memory, accompanied by the feeling that you are on the verge of recovering the information. |
| Memory Misattribution | memory misattribution: Assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source. |
| Source Memory | source memory: Recall of when, where, and how information was acquired. |
| False Recgnition | false recognition: A feeling of familiarity about something that hasn't been encountered before. |
| Suggestability | suggestibility: The tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections. |
| Bias | bias: The distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences. |
| Persistance | persistence: The intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget. |
| Flashbulb Memories | flashbulb memories: Detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events. |
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chalonlauren
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