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Life Part 1
Cells and Anatomy of a Cell
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| organelle | a structure inside a cell that performs a specialized function (similar to what your organs do for your body) |
| prokaryote | organism composed of only one cell (examples: all species of bacteria); they do NOT have membrane-enclosed organelles |
| eukaryote | organism composed of many cells (humans, plants, animals, fungi, euglena, amoeba) |
| multicellular | a category of organisms made up of more than one cell and of different types of cells (examples: plants, humans, animals) |
| unicellular | a category of organisms made up of only one cell (examples: euglena, bacteria, paramecia, amoeba) |
| cell | the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms; nothing smaller than a cell is considered living (examples: atoms, molecules, even cell organelles) |
| function | what something does |
| DNA | the genetic material in a cell that contains all of the instructions for making new organisms and carrying out all of the cell functions to keep the cell alive |
| cell membrane | thin protective layer surrounding ALL cells; controls what enters and exists the cell (such as water and nutrients); |
| cell wall | the rigid outer covering specific to a plant, algae, fungi, and most bacteria; composed of cellulose; protects and supports the cell; |
| nucleus | found only in eukaryotic cells; contains all information for the cell to live; directs all cell activities; " |
| mitochondria | releases energy for use b y the cell; found in both plant and animal cells; "power house" of the cell |
| chloroplasts | organelle that contains chlorophyll, which undergoes photosynthesis to make energy for plant cells |
| vacuole | storage facility; can store water, waste, food, or other cell materials; in plant cells, the vacuole can be almost the size of the entire cell |
| cytoplasm | jelly like substance within ALL cells that provides support to the organelles |
| golgi apparatus (golgi body) | sorts proteins and other cell substances and packages them in vesicles; delivers the vesicles within or out of the cell |
| ribosomes | can be found in cytoplasm or on smooth endoplasmic reticulum; makes proteins |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | processes and moves materials around the cell; no ribosomes |
| lysosomes | contains enzymes that break down and recycle waste material |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | processes and moves materials around the cell; HAS ribosomes |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
MrsSanborn
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