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Ch. 6 Learning
Pychology Schacter Gilbert Wegner
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Uncondittioned Responce (UR) | a reflexive reaction that is reliably elicited by an ncondition stimulus. I.P's example- Saliva |
| intermitton reienforcement effect | the fact that opperent behaviors that are maintained under intermitton reinforcemnt schedules resist extinction better than continuous reinforcement |
| Discriminitive stimulus | stimulus associated with reinforcement |
| Amygdala | The amygdala's central nucleus is critical for emotional conditioning |
| Discrimination | the ability to distinguish bewtween similar, but distinct stimuli |
| Extinction | gradual elimination of a learned responce that occurs when the US is no longer present |
| Unconditioned Stimulus (US) | something that reliably produces a naturally occuring reaction in an organsism. I.P's example- Dog food |
| Cognitive Map | A mental representaion of physical features of the environment |
| The Overjustification Effect | when external rewards can undermine the intrinsic satification of performing a behavior (rewarded for something fun) |
| Punisher | any stimulus/event that functions to decrease the likelyhood of the behavior |
| Acquisition | The phasse of classical conditioning when then CS and US are presented together |
| Observational Learning | learning that takes place by watching the action of others |
| Fixed Interval Schedule (FI) | An operant conditioning principle in which reinforcements are presented at fixed time periods, provided that the appropriate response is made. |
| Operant Conditioning | A type of learning in which the consequences of an organism's behavior determine whether it will be repeated in the future. |
| Intermittent reienforcement | A type of learning in which the consequences of an organism's behavior determine whether it will be repeated in the future. |
| Conditioned Responce | A reaction that resembles an unconditioned response but is produced by a conditioned stimulus. |
| Classical conditioning | classical conditioning: When a neutral stimulus evokes a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally evokes a response. |
| Biological Preparedness | biological preparedness: A propensity for learning particular kinds of associations over others. |
| Shaping | shaping: Learning that results from the reinforcement of successive approximations to a final desired behavior. |
| Fixed Ratio Schedule (FR) | fixed ratio schedule (FR): An operant conditioning principle in which reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses have been made. |
| Habituation | habituation: A general process in which repeated or prolonged exposure to a stimulus results in a gradual reduction in responding |
| Law of Effect | law of effect: The principle that behaviors that are followed by a "satisfying state of affairs" tend to be repeated and those that produce an "unpleasant state of affairs" are less likely to be repeated. |
| Operant Behavior | operant behavior: Behavior that an organism produces that has some impact on the environment. |
| Implicit Learning | implicit learning: Learning that takes place largely independent of awareness of both the process and the products of information acquisition |
| Generalization | A process in which the CR is observed even though the CS is slightly different from the original one used during acquisition. |
| Reinforcer | reinforcer: Any stimulus or event that functions to increase the likelihood of the behavior that led to it. |
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) | conditioned stimulus (CS): A stimulus that is initially neutral and produces no reliable response in an organism. |
| Latent Learning | latent learning: A condition in which something is learned but it is not manifested as a behavioral change until sometime in the future. |
| Variable Ratio Schedule (VR) | variable ratio schedule (VR): An operant conditioning principle in which the delivery of reinforcement is based on a particular average number of responses. |
| Learning | learning: Some experience that results in a relatively permanent change in the state of the learner. |
Created by:
chalonlauren
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