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memory

psychology

QuestionAnswer
Foundations of Memory T OR F Memory is the process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information. TRUE
Three Processes of Memory What are the three basic processes of memory? Encoding, storage, and retrieval.
Three‑Stage Model of Memory: Sensory Memory T OR F Sensory memory stores information for a long period of time. False — it lasts only an instant.
What happens to sensory information that does not move to short‑term memory? It is lost.
What is iconic memory? Visual sensory memory lasting less than one second.
What is echoic memory? Auditory sensory memory lasting two to three seconds.
Short‑Term Memory (STM) How long does short‑term memory typically hold information? About 15–25 seconds.
STM is the first memory store where information has meaning. T OR F True
What is chunking? Grouping information into meaningful units to increase STM capacity.
Long‑Term Memory (LTM): Long‑term memory stores information permanently T OR F True (relatively permanent)
What process transfers information from STM to LTM? Rehearsal (repetition)! like studying theses cue cards :)
What is elaborative rehearsal? (what are you doing right now?) Deep processing using organization and meaning (e.g., studying).
Long‑Term Memory Modules: Declarative Memory Declarative memory stores factual information such as names and dates. T OR F True
What is semantic memory? General knowledge about the world and rules of logic.
What is episodic memory? Memory for personal events tied to a specific time and place.
Procedural Memory: What does procedural memory store? Skills and habits (e.g., riding a bike).
Retrieving Long‑Term Memories: Tip‑of‑the‑Tongue The tip‑of‑the‑tongue phenomenon is the inability to recall information you know you know. T OR F True
Retrieval Cues What is a retrieval cue? A stimulus that helps access information in LTM.
Recall vs. Recognition: Recall requires retrieving specific information without cues. T OR F True
Recognition is harder than recall. T OR F False — recognition is easier.
Multiple‑choice questions rely on which type of memory retrieval? Recognition.
Levels‑of‑Processing Theory: According to levels‑of‑processing theory, deeper analysis leads to better memory. T OR F True
Explicit memory requires conscious effort. T OR F True
Implicit memories influence behaviour without conscious awareness. T OR F True
Flashbulb Memories : Flashbulb memories are vivid memories of surprising or important events T OR F True
Constructive Processes & Schemas : Constructive processes mean memories can be influenced by meaning and inference. T OR F True
Schemas help organize information but can bias memory. T OR F True
Eyewitness Memory : Eyewitness testimony is always accurate. T OR F False
Language used in questioning can influence witness memory. T OR F True
Why We Forget : Encoding Failure Forgetting often occurs because information was never encoded. T OR F True
Decay : Decay refers to loss of information through nonuse. T OR F True
Interference : What is proactive interference? Old information interferes with learning new information.
What is retroactive interference? New information interferes with recalling old information.
Cue‑Dependent Forgetting : Cue‑dependent forgetting occurs when retrieval cues are insufficient. T OR F True
Memory Disorders : Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes irreversible cognitive decline. T OR F True
Amnesia : Amnesia is memory loss without other mental difficulties. T OR F True
Amnesia can be caused by injury or psychological trauma. T OR F True
Created by: oliviavanwort
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