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Outer boundary of intracellular material is?
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Major components of cell membrane
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AnatChapt3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Outer boundary of intracellular material is? | Cell Membrane |
| Major components of cell membrane | Phospholipids, proteins, glycolipds, and cholesterol |
| Most communication between interior and exterior of cell occurs by | integral protein channels |
| Ions and small water-soluble materials cross cell membrane through | a channel |
| Mechanism by which glucose can enter cytoplasm without expending ATP | A carrier Protein |
| Passive or leakage channels within cell membrane permit water and ion movement when? | permit water and ion movement at all time |
| All transport through the cell membrane can be classified as either | Active or passive |
| Major difference between diffusion and bulk flow is when molecules move by bulk flow they | move as a unit in one direction |
| Rate that solute molecules are filtered depends on | Size, force of hydrostatic pressure, and rate at which water passes through membrane |
| Transmembrane potential is important in maintaining the integrity of a cell because | it adds strength and helps stabilize the shape of the cell |
| Factors that interact to create and maintain the transmembrane potential are | Membrane permeability for sodium, mebrane permeability for potassium, and presence of the Na-K exchange pump |
| Cytosol contains a high concentration of _________ whereas extracellular fluid contains a high concentration of __________ | potassium, sodium |
| primary components of cytoskeleton which gives cell strength and rigidity and anchors the position of major organelles | Microtubules |
| membranous organelles | mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and perooxisomes |
| 95% of energy needed to keep cell alive is generated by | Mitochondria |
| Nucleoli are nuclear organelles that | synthesize the components of ribosomes |
| three major functions of endoplasmic reticulum are | synthesis, storage, transport |
| functions of golgi apparatus | synthesis, storage, alteration, packaging |
| Peroxisomes are primarily responsible for | absorption and neutralization of toxins |
| major factor that allows the nucleus to control cellular operations is through | regulation of protein synthesis |
| ribosomal proteins and RNA are produced primarily in the | Nucleolus |
| Along the length of the DNA strand, information is stored in the sequence of | nitrogen bases |
| a sequence of three nitrogen bases can specify the identity of | a single amino acid |
| the process where RNA polymerase uses the genetic information to assemble a strand of mRNA is | transcription |
| If DNA triplewt is TAG the corresponding codon on the mRNA strand will be | AUC |
| If mRNA has the codons (GGG) - (GCC) - (AAU), it will bind to the tRNAs with the anticodons | (CCC) - (CGG) - (UUA) |
| the correct sequence of the cell cycle beginning with interphase is: | G0, G1, S, G2, GM |
| the process of mitosis begins when the cell enters the: | GM |
| the four stages of mitosis in correct sequence | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| the process of differentiation resulting in hte appearance of characteristic cell specialization involves: | gene activation or repression |
| homeostasis at the tissue, organ, system, and individual levels reflects: | the combined and coordinated actions of many cells |
| structurally, the cell membrane is best described as a: | phospholipid bilayer interspersed with proteins |
| isolationg the cytoplasm from the surrounding fluid environment by the cell membrane is important because: | cytoplasm has a composition different from the extracellular fluid and the differences must be maintained |
| solutes cannot cross the lipid portion of a cell membrane because: | the lipid tails of phosholipid moleculses are highly hydrophobic and will not associate with water molecules |
| regulation of exchange with the environment is an important function of the cell membrane because it controls: | the entry of ions and nutrients, and the elimination of wastes |
| membranous organelles differ from nonmembranous organelles in that membranous organelles are: | surrounded by lipid membranes that isolate them from the cytosol |
| the major functional differnce between flagella and cilia is that flagella: | move a cell through the surrounding fluid |
| the smooth ER (SER) has a variety of functions that center around the synthesis of: | lipids and carbohydrates |
| the reason lysosomes are sometimes called "celluar suicide packets" is: | the breakdown of lysosomal membranes can destroy a cell |
| the energy-producing process in the mitochondria involves a series of reactions in which _____ is consumed and _____ is generated | oxygen, carbon dioxide |
| the most notable characteristic of the G0 phase of an interphase cell is that: | it is not in preparation for mitosis |
| the replication of DNA occurs primarily during the: | S phase |
| the process of cytokinesis refers to: | the physical seperation of the daughter cells |
| the passive factor which helps to maintain the transmembrane potiental is: | K+ diffuse out of the cell faster than Na+ can enter and the interior of the cell develops an excess of negative charges |
| the reason that deas skin cells are usually shed in thick sheets rather than individually is because of: | the strength of the links of the desmosomes |
| the reson that water-soluble ions and molecules cannot enter certain regions of the cell membrane is because of: | the presence of hydrophobic tails on the interior of the membrane |
| the effect of diffusion in body fluids is that it: | tends to eliminate local concentration gradients |
| during osmosis water will always flow across a membrane toward the solution that has the: | highest concentration of solutes |
| a solution that is hypotonis to cytoplasm has: | a solute concentration lower than that of the cytoplasm |
| red blood cells are hemolyzed when the cells are placed in contact with: | a hypotonic solution |
| an injection of a concentrated salt solution into the circulatory system would result in: | crenation of the red blood cells |
| facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that: | carrier proteins are involved |
| one of the greatest advantages of moving materials by active transport is: | the process is not dependant on a concentration gradient |
| in the human body, the process of phagocytosis is illustrated by: | a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium |
| epsom salts exert a laxative effect due to the process of: | osmosis |
| the formation of a malignant tumor indicates that | mitotis rates of cells are no longer responding to normal control mechanisms |
| the four primary tissue types found in the human body are: | epithelial, connective, muscle, neural |
| the type of tissue that covers exposed surfaces and lines internal passageways and body cavaties is: | epithelial |
| the two types of layering recognized in epithelial tissues are: | simple and stratified |
| the types of cells that form glandular epithelium that secrete enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands are: | simple cubodial epithelium |
| the type of epithelial tissue found only along the ducts that drain sweat glands is: | stratified cubodial epithelium |
| a single layer of epithium covering a basement membrane is termed: | simple epithelium |
| simple epithelial cells are characteristic of regions where: | secretion and absorption occur |
| from a surface view, cells that look like fried eggs laid side by side are: | squamous epithelium |
| stratified epithelium has several cell layers above the basement membrane and is usually found in areas where: | mechanical or chemical stresses occur |
| cells that form a neat row with nuclei near the center of each cell and that appear square in typical sectional views are: | cubodial epithelium |
| the major structural difference between columnar epithelia and cubodial epithelia is that the columnar epithelia: | are taller and slender and the nuclei are crowded into a narrow band close to the basement membrane |
| simple squamous epithelium would be found in the following areas of the body: | urinary tract and inner surface of the cicu;atory system, respiratory surface of lungs, and lining of body cavities |
| stratified columnar epithelia provide p;rotection along portions of the following systems | reproductive, digestive, respiratory, urinary |
| glandular epithelia contain cells that produce: | exocrine or endocrine secretions |
| the three basic components of all connective tissues are: | specialized cells, extracellular protein fibers, ground substance |
| the three classes of connective tissue based on structure and function are: | fluid, supporting, and connective tisssue proper |
| the two major cell populations found in connective tissue proper are: | fixed cells and wandering cells |
| most of the volume in loose connective tissue is made up of: | ground substance |
| the major purposes of adipose tissue in the body are: | padding, cushioning, insulating |
| reticular tissue forms the basic framework and organization for several organs that have: | a complex three-dimensional structure |
| tendons are cords of dense regular connective tissue that: | attach skeletal muscles to bones |
| ligaments are bundles of elastic and collagen fibers that: | connect bone to another bone |
| the three major subdivisions of the extracellular fluid in the body are: | plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph |
| the type of tissue that fills internal spaces and provides structural support and a framework for communication within the body is: | connective |
| the mucous membranes that are lined by simple epithelia perform the functions of: | absorption and secretion |
| the mesothelium pf serous membranes is very thin, a structural characteristic that makes them | extremely permeable |
| two types of supporting connective tissues found in the body | cartilasge and bone |
| three major types of cartilage found in the body | hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage |
| the flap (pinna) of the outer ear is extremely resilient and flexible because is contains | elastic cartilage |
| pads between the vertebrae of the spinal column contain | fibrocartilage |
| bone cells found in the laqcunae within the matrix are called | osteocytes |
| muscle tissue has the ability | contract asnd produce active movement |
| three types of muscle tissue found in the body | skeletal, cardiac, and smooth |
| skeletal muscle fibers are very unusual because they may be | a foot or more in length, and each cell contains hundreds of nuclei |
| neural tissue is specialized to | carry electrical impulses from one part of the body to another |
| major function of neurons in neural tissue is | transmit signals that take the form of changes in the tranmembrane potential |
| structurally, neurons are unique because they are the only cells in the body that have | axons and canaliculi |
| the restoration of homeostasis after an injury involves two related processes, which are | inflammation and regeneration |
| release opf histamine by mast cells at an injury site produces the following responses | redness, warmth, swelling |
| one of the major effects of aging on connective tissues | cartilage becomes stiffer and less resilient and bones become brittle |
| three major factors that play a role in age-related reduction in bone strength in women are | inactivity, inadequate diet, decreases estrogen |
| maintain normal bone structure throughout life, it is necessary for women to subscribe to a program that includes | hormonal replacement therapy, exercise, and calcium supplements |
Created by:
RileyR