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Phonetics Unit 1

terminology

QuestionAnswer
Phonetics The study of production, acoustic properties, and perception of speech sounds
4 Branches of Phonetics -Articulatory Phonetics -Acoustic Phonetics -Auditory Phonetics -Clinical/Applied Phonetics
Articulatory Phonetics PHYSICAL -anatomical structures + motions involved in speech sound production
Acoustic Phonetics PHYSICS (freq, amplitude, time) -the acoustic properties of sound waves produced by the articulators
Auditory Phonetics PERCEPTION -how sounds are perceived through the ear -reception of speech and the physiological processes involved
Clinical Phonetics/Applied Phonetics ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT -application of phonetics in the clinic setting -deals with errors or abnormalities in speech sound production
What does "phon" mean? sound
Terms for sounds (4) -phonetics -phonology -phonemes -allophones
Phonology -Branch of linguistics -structure + pattern of sounds -how sounds are arranged + function in a language
Phonemic repertoire a subset of possible speech sounds -also called inventory
Phonotactics rules or constraints of a language placed their individual phonemic repertoire. -different languages may use their phonemic inventory to convey a meaning different to another language's meaning
Phonemes (+example) smallest unit of sound (b, p, u) -can differentiate one word from another example- "Cat" >>> Bat or cUt or caP
Allophones (+example) (contextual) variations in the production of a phoneme -differ in production and sometimes sound -the 'P' in "Pit" and "keeP"
Phonemes are sounds, not ______ spellings
Physical indicator that you are moving from one phoneme to another posture change/ movement of the articulators (lips, tongue, jaw)
Tip to prevent 'creating' extra phonemes in a word: Dont slow down too much, dont break it up and create extra sounds
2 terms for 'words'/meaningful units -morphology -morphemes
morphology branch of linguistics -study of morphemes
morphemes (+example) smallest unit of language that carries a semantic interpretation (MEANING) -all words have morphemes, but not all morphemes are words by themselves EX- "cats" >> CAT + S
4 types of morphemes -free morphemes -bound morphemes -inflectional morphemes -derivational morphemes
Free morpheme (+ex) can stand as a word by itself and still have meaning -word stems EX- frog, element, plug
Bound morpheme (+ex) must be attached to a free morpheme in order to carry meaning -can be a prefix, infix, suffix EX- runnING / INdeciSIVE
Inflectional morpheme (+ex) express grammatical features. Changes the function of a word -plurality, verb tense, possession, etc. EX: -s, -'s -ed, -er, -est, cont.
Derivational morpheme (+ex) changes the grammatical category or meaning of a word -(noun >> verb) or (adjective >> adverb) or (adj.>>noun) -(runner>>run) or (quick>>quickly) or (happy>>happiness)
3 Terms for writing/spelling -orthography -graphemes -allographs
What does "graph" mean writing
Orthography -english spelling=? system of written symbols used for the spelling words of a language -english spelling=english orthography
Allograph (+ex) any letter (or combination of letters) that represents a particular phoneme EX- /f/ (phoneme) can be written/spelled as: f, ff, ph, gh
What does "allo" mean variation
Grapheme (+how many in English?) smallest functional unit in the writing system of a language -26 graphemes (letters) in English language
What is the IPA a solution to? it's a solution for us to surpass the issues of English spelling
Created by: liz gelles
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