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10 - Pharmacotherapy

Module 10 Pharmacotherapy

Generic nameDrug overview
penicillin Brand name: N/A Class: Penicillin antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Abbreviations: PCN or PenVK - Penicillin allergies are common - Use a separate counting tray when handling penicillin to help prevent cross-contamination
amoxicillin Brand name: Amoxil Class: Penicillin antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Penicillin allergies are relatively common - Use a separate counting tray when handling penicillins to help prevent cross-contamination
amoxicillin / clavulanate Brand name: Augmentin Class: Penicillin antibiotic / beta-lactamase inhibitor Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Clavulanate overcomes beta-lactamase resistance - Used when amoxicillin alone fails - Penicillin allergy risk; use separate tray
cefdinir Brand name: Omnicef Class: Cephalosporin antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Lower risk of cross-reactivity in patients with penicillin allergy, but caution is still advised
cephalexin Brand name: Keflex Class: Cephalosporin antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Lower risk of cross-reactivity in patients with penicillin allergy, but caution is still advised
cefuroxime Brand name: Ceftin Class: Cephalosporin antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Lower risk of cross-reactivity in patients with penicillin allergy, but caution is still advised
azithromycin Brand name: Zithromax Class: Macrolide antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Z-Pak: 5-day azithromycin dose pack (Day 1: 500 mg (two 250 mg tablets); Days 2–5: 250 mg once daily)
clarithromycin Brand name: Biaxin Class: Macrolide antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls:
erythromycin Brand name: Ery-Tab Class: Macrolide antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls:
ciprofloxacin Brand name: Cipro Class: Fluoroquinolone antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls:
levofloxacin Brand name: Levaquin Class: Fluoroquinolone antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls:
sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim Brand name: Bactrim Class: Sulfonamide antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Sulfa allergies are relatively common - Use a separate counting tray when handling sulfonamide medications to help prevent cross-contamination
clindamycin Brand name: Cleocin Class: Lincosamide antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - Often used prophilactically before dental procedures - Available in topical formulations for acne
doxycycline Brand name: Vibramycin Class: Tetracycline antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - ADR: ↑ sensitivity to sunlight; risk of sunburns - ADR: Causes tooth discoloration; avoid in pregnancy and children <8 - ADR: Skin hyperpigmentation
tetracycline Brand name: N/A Class: Tetracycline antibiotic Indication: Bacterial infections Pearls: - ADR: ↑ sensitivity to sunlight; risk of sunburns - ADR: Causes tooth discoloration; avoid in pregnancy and children <8 - ADR: Skin hyperpigmentation
nitrofurantoin Brand name: Macrobid; Macrodantin Class: Nitrofurantoin antibiotic Indication: Treatment of bacterial infections Pearls: - Only used to treat UTIs
metronidazole Brand name: Flagyl Class: Nitroimidazole antibiotic Indication: Treatment of bacterial infections Pearls: - Avoid alcohol during therapy and for at least 48 hours after completion (disulfiram-like reaction) - “-azole” suffix ≠ antifungal
mupirocin Brand name: Bactroban Class: Topical antibiotic Indication: Treatment of bacterial infections Pearls: - Used topically only (skin or intranasal formulations)
acyclovir Brand name: Zovirax Class: Antiviral Indication: Treatment of herpes virus infections (HSV, VZV) Pearls: - Used for herpes simplex and varicella-zoster (chickenpox/shingles) infections - Most effective when started early in the course of infection
valacyclovir Brand name: Valtrex Class: Antiviral Indication: Treatment of herpes virus infections (HSV, VZV) Pearls: - Used for herpes simplex and varicella-zoster (chickenpox/shingles) infections - Most effective when started early in the course of infection
oseltamivir Brand name: Tamiflu Class: Antiviral Indication: Prevent or treat influenza Pearls: - Most effective when started within 48 hours of symptom onset - Can be used for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza
clotrimazole Brand name: Lotrimin Class: Antifungal Indication: Fungal infections Pearls: - Available in topical and vaginal formulations - Commonly used for athlete’s foot, jock itch, and ringworm
fluconazole Brand name: Diflucan Class: Antifungal Indication: Fungal infections Pearls: - Often given as a single oral dose for vaginal yeast infections
ketoconazole Brand name: Nizoral Class: Antifungal Indication: Fungal infections Pearls: - Commonly used as a topical shampoo or cream - Oral ketoconazole is rarely used due to risk of serious liver toxicity
nystatin Brand name: Mycostatin Class: Antifungal Indication: Fungal infections Pearls: - Available as oral suspension, topical cream, and powder - Despite the suffix in its name, this is not a "statin" cholesterol medication
terbinafine Brand name: Lamisil Class: Antifungal Indication: Fungal infections Pearls: - Commonly used for onychomycosis (fungal nail infections) - Available in topical and oral formulations
Created by: pta78
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