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Chapter 2 - Exam 1
PSC 372
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is motivation? | the driving force that moves individuals towards desired results |
| what is a goal? | the desired outcome; something one wishes to attain or accomplish |
| what is a motive? | a high-level goal fundamental to social survival |
| what are the 5 main social motives? | establish social ties, understand ourselves and others, gain and maintain status, defend ourselves and valued others, and attracting and retaining mates |
| what does goal pursuit usually require? | it requires attention and willpower, it can be conscious or automatic |
| what is conscious? | actively attending to an event |
| what is automatic? | it is ability of behavior or cognitive process to operate without conscious guidance |
| qhat are the characteristics of four horseman of automaticity? | awareness, intentionality, efficiency and control |
| what is automaticity? | the ability of a behavior or cognitive process to operate without conscious guidance once it is put into motion |
| what is thought suppresion? | trying to reach difficult goals by suppressing thoughts incompatible with those goals |
| what does knowledge serve? | it serves as a baseline reference for social behavior |
| what is exemplar? | knowledge of a specific episode, event or individual |
| what is prototype? | a typical version of something; based on average |
| what is schema? | knowledge that represents generalized information |
| what is priming? | process of activating knowledge or goals to make them ready for use |
| what is chronically accessible? | the state of knowledge being easily activated for use |
| what are attitudes? | favorable or unfavorable evaluations of an object, person, situation, on a dimension of favorability |
| what are emotions? | relatively short-lived affective responses to an event |
| what is mood? | relatively long-lasting effective states |
| how do genetic influences influnce our feeligns? | genes give us the capability to experience certain feelings, and those are further modified/developed through learning and culture |
| how are cultural influences intertwined with feelings? | culture impacts emotions in reponse to an event and how that emotion is subsequently displayed |
| what are cognitive influences? | how we interpret events can impact our feelings |
| what is counterfacutal thinking? | the processing of imagining the alternative. "what might have been" |
| what is the purpose of feelings? | they direct our attention, direct approach and avoidance behaviors, help us prepare for life circumstances and they have positive outcomes |
| what is self-concept? | mental representation capturing our views and beliefs about ourselves |
| what is social comparison? | comparing ones abilities, attitudes, and beliefs with others |
| what is reflected appraisal process? | observing or imagining what others think of us |
| what is self-perception process? | the process through which people observe their own behavior to infer their own internal characteristics |
| what is self-regulation? | process through which people select-monitor and adjust their strategies in an attempt to reach their goals |
| what is self-presentation? | process through which we try to control the impressions people form of us |
| what is mere presence? | people can affect our social behavior just by simply being there |
| what is social facilitation? | increased general effort; better performance on well-learned tasks |
| what is social inhibition? | worse performance on novel tasks |
| what are affordances? | opportunities and threats provided by people around us |
| what are descriptive norms? | what people typically do in a situation |
| what is a downside of descriptive norms? | pluralistic ignorance |
| what is pluralistic ignorance? | when people misperceive what constitutes normal behavior because everyone is acting inconsistent with their beliefs |
| what are injuctive norms? | what is commonly approved or disapproved in a given situation |
| what is norm of reciprocity? | if someone does you a favor it is believed that you should reciprocate |
| what is a scripted situation? | situations with an expected sequence of events |
| what is in strong situations? | theres fewer affordances, stricter descriptive and injuctive norms for behavior as well as it being more scripted |
| what is in weak situations? | more affordances, loose norms for behavior, and its less scripted |
| what is indivdualistic? | focus on the individual, prioritize personal goals |
| what is collectivistic? | focus on the group (collective), prioritize partner and group goals |
Created by:
anaelc
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