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Scientific
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Scientific Investigation | A systematic process used to explore observations, answer questions, and test hypotheses about the natural world using the scientific method. |
| Research | A systematic, evidence-based inquiry designed to discover, interpret, or revise knowledge. |
| Observation | The active process of gathering information by using senses or scientific tools to notice and record data, behaviors, or events in natural or controlled settings. |
| Inference | The process of deriving logical conclusions, explanations, or predictions based on evidence, data, and prior knowledge, rather than through direct, immediate observation. |
| Hypothesis | A tentative, testable explanation for an observed phenomenon, acting as a starting point for further investigation. |
| Experiment | A controlled procedure carried out to test a hypothesis, validate a theory, or determine the efficacy of something new. |
| Independent Variable | The factor manipulated or changed in an experiment to test its effect on a dependent variable (DV) |
| Dependent Variable | The specific outcome, reaction, or biological response being measured or observed in an experiment. |
| Controlled Variable | Factors kept intentionally unchanged throughout an experiment to ensure a fair test. |
| Control | A fundamental component of experiments and studies designed to act as a standard for comparison, ensuring that results are valid, reliable, and directly attributable to the factor being tested. |
| Data | he raw, recorded, and analyzed information collected from experiments, observations, and measurements regarding living organisms. |
| Conclusion | The final section of a research report or study that summarizes key findings, interprets data, and determines whether the initial hypothesis was supported or refuted. |
| Analyze | the systematic process of breaking down complex, raw biological data (e.g., genetic, clinical, experimental) into smaller, manageable parts to identify patterns, trends, and relationships. |
| Scientific Bias | any systematic, often unintentional deviation from the truth in data collection, analysis, interpretation, or publication that distorts results. |
| Data trends | the systematic analysis of data over time to identify, monitor, and interpret patterns, shifts, or abnormalities in biological, clinical, and pharmaceutical data. |
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