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Geo Chapter 4
Geography Alive! ch 4 vocabulary Europe and Russia
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mediterranean | a climate or climate zone with warm to hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters |
| peninsula | a long, narrow stretch of land that is surrounded by water on three sides |
| steppe | a vast, grassy plain |
| taiga | a large, evergreen forest located in a far northern latitude, just south of the arctic tundra |
| temperate | moderate or mild, without extremes of hot or cold |
| centrifugal force | a force that divides people and countries |
| centripetal force | a force that unites people and countries |
| common market | a group of countries that acts as a single market, without trade barriers between member countries |
| supranational cooperation | a form of international cooperation in which countries give up some control of their affairs as they work together to achieve shared goals |
| demography | the study of human populations, including how they change due to births, deaths, aging, and migration |
| dependency ratio | the number of old and young dependents who do not work compared with the working-age population |
| life expectancy | the average age that a person in a given population can expect to live to |
| replacement rate | the total fertility rate needed for a population to replace itself |
| total fertility rate (TFR) | the average number of children a woman in a given population will have in her lifetime |
| acid rain | precipitation that can damage the environment, as well as buildings and structures, because it contains acid from factory smoke and car exhaust |
| nuclear radiation | a form of energy that comes from nuclear reactions; can be very harmful to living things |
| river system | a river and all the streams that flow into it |
| transboundary pollution | pollution that starts in one country and crosses boundaries into other countries, usually carried by wind or water |
| erosion | the gradual wearing away of Earth’s surface by the action of wind, water, ice, and gravity |
| glaciation | the creation and movement of glaciers |
| physical processes | natural forces that change Earth’s physical features, including forces that build up and wear down Earth’s surface |
| tectonic movement | the movement of plates below Earth’s surface |
| volcanic activity | the formation and eruption of volcanoes |
| ethnic group | a group of people in a country who share a unique culture and identity |
| nation | a large group of people who share a common history and culture; commonly used to refer to a country or nation-state |
| nationalism | feelings of loyalty and pride toward one’s nation or ethnic group; sometimes includes the belief that one’s nation or group is better than all others |
| nation-state | an independent state, or country, whose people mostly share a common identity |
| state | a political unit that controls a particular territory |
Created by:
msjonesbss
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