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Explaining Behaviour
Psychology SEM 1 THEME 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are social norms? | Attitudinal and behavioural uniformities that define group membership and differentiate between groups. |
| What do social norms influence? | How people think, feel, and act; they can lead to conformity. |
| How are social norms formed? | Through face-to-face interaction where group members observe each other’s attitudes and behaviours. |
| What did Sherif (1936) find about conformity and social norms? | Sherif (1936) found that when individuals made judgments in a group, their answers gradually became similar. |
| What did Asch (1951, 1956) find about conformity? | Found that individuals often conformed to a group even when the correct answer was obvious. About 75% of participants conformed at least once. This showed that people conform due to normative social influence. |
| What is Normative Social Influence | When people conform to fit in and avoid disapproval |
| What is conformity? | The convergence of individuals’ thoughts, feelings, or behaviours toward a social norm. |
| Define public conformity. | Overt behaviour matching norms without private acceptance. |
| Define private conformity. | Internal acceptance of social norms. |
| What situational factors increase conformity? | Conformity increases when: - group size is at least 3 - group is unanimous - group has higher status - individuals feel insecure or unsure |
| How does culture affect conformity? | Cultures stressing norms increase conformity. |
| What is informational social influence? | Accepting others’ views as reality when uncertain. |
| What did Milgram et al. (1986) find about social norms and behaviour? | Milgram et al. (1986) found that people’s reactions to queue-jumping depended on others’ behaviour. When a buffer objected first, others were more likely to object as well. When no one objected, people were less likely to act. |
| What did Latané & Darley (1968) find in the smoke study? | When a room started to fill up with smoke. People were less likely to act when others were passive. |
| What is audience inhibition? | Fear of appearing foolish in front of others. |
| What is pluralistic ignorance? | Assuming nothing is wrong because others appear unconcerned. |
| What is the bystander effect? | The more bystanders present, the less likely help occurs. |
| What is diffusion of responsibility? | Responsibility is shared, reducing individual action. |
| What is obedience? | Behaviour influenced by authority figures. |
| What is the agentic state in obedience to authority? | The agentic state is when a person sees themselves as an agent carrying out the wishes of an authority figure, so they feel less personal responsibility for their actions. |
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Abigail-
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