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INDV Exam 1 Ch. 11
Indv 101 exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Behavior | the most important causes of ____ are motives, especially unconscious motives |
| Personality | is determined by the interplay of inner conflicts & their resolution |
| Also Personality... | is set by adolescence |
| 3 Levels of awareness | Conscious,Preconscious,unconscious |
| Three systems of personality | ID, EGO, Superego |
| ID | Pleasure Principle |
| Ego | Reality Principle |
| Superego | Conscience and Ego Ideal |
| Conscious mind | Ego |
| Unconscious mind | Superego, ID |
| defense mechanism | unconscious desire, impulse, or trauma is about to emerge into consciousness |
| defense mechanism | unconscious desire, impulse, or trauma is about to emerge into consciousness |
| repression | blocking a wish from conscious expression |
| denial | refusing to believe a reality |
| projection | attributing an unconscious impulse, attitude, or behavior to another |
| reaction formation | expressing an impulse by its opposite |
| regression | returning to an earlier form of expressing an impulse |
| displacement | satisfying an impulse with a substitute object |
| Oral stage | 0-12 months |
| Anal stage | 1-3 years |
| Phallic | 3 to 5 or 6 years |
| Latency | 5 or 6 to puberty |
| Genital | from puberty |
| Oral Stage | part of the body that provides pleasureable sensations=mouth..oral gratification from sucking, eating, and biting |
| Major conflict of Oral | Weaning |
| Adult traits associated with problems at Oral | optimism, gullibility, dependency pessimism, passivity, hostility, etc.. |
| Part of the body that provides pleasurable sensations Anal | Anus |
| Major Conflict at Anal Stage | toilet training |
| Part of the body that provides pleasurable sensations for Phallic | Genitals |
| Major Conflict at Phallic | Oedipal complex and castration anxiety (boys) electra complex and penis envy (girls) |
| Adult traits associated with problems at Phallic stage | girls: flirtatiousness, promiscuity, chastity; boys: macho/aggressive sexuality, excessive career/power striving; sexual/occupational impotence |
| Part of the body that provides pleasurable sensations for Latency | none |
| Conflicts/experiences at Latency | period of sexual calm; interest in school, hobbies, same-sex friends |
| Part of the body that provides pleasurable sensations in Genital | genitals |
| Conflicts/experiences at Genital | revival of sexual interests; establishment of mature sexual relationships |
| Components of personality | ego, personal unconscious, collective unconscious |
| Collective unconscious | we share the ability to see the world in some universally common ways because of our shared history as human beings |
| Carl Jung | Analytical Psychology |
| Animus | male component of the female psyche |
| Anima | female component of the male psyche |
| The shadow | the dark side of human nature, freud’s id, the devil |
| The persona | the social mask we all wear around other people, a false self |
| The self | this archetype guides our search for wholeness and unification among the various elements of our personality |
| Alfred Adler | Individual Psychology |
| Inferiority complex | compensatory |
| Oldest children | leaders |
| Middle children | relaxed negotiators |
| Youngest children | clowns |
| Only children | perfectionists |
| Behavior theory | situational or environmental influences shape personality |
| Social cognitive theory | Albert Bandura |
| Person variables | with the person such as knowledge, skills, emotions, plans |
| Situation variable | rewards vs. punishments |
| Client centered theory | the most innate tendency of humans is a drive towards becoming a fully functioning person |
| Fully functioning person | self-actualizing with a positive self-concept |
| Incongruence | real self, self-concept, ideal self |
| Congruence | open, authentic |
| Moving towards congruence | goal is to move towards congruence between real self, ideal self and self-concept |
| Abraham Maslow | Self-actualization |
| Self-actualization | primary motivation for healthy individual |
| Bottom of triangle | basic needs |
| Satisfied level | safety needs |
| 3rd level | love, affection and belongingness needs |
| 4th level | esteem needs |
| top | need for self-actualization |
| Key Theme: People display consistency in their… | actions, thoughts and feelings |
| Key Theme: People… | differ from each other in many ways |
| Allport (1930’s) | infinite traits |
| Cardinal trait/disposition | influences all behavior (most people don’t have these). |
| Central traits/dispositions | influence wide range of behavior |
| Secondary traits/dispositions | peripheral characteristics and preferences; situation-specific |
| Cattell (1960’s) | 16 traits |
| Costa & McCrae (1960’s) | 5 traits “Big Five” |
| Extraversion (E) | Degree of interpersonal interaction/activity level |
| Neuroticism (N) | Degree of emotional stability |
| Agreeableness (A) | Quality of interpersonal orientation |
| Conscientiousness (C) | Degree of organization, goal-orientation |
| Openness to Experience (O) | Preference for exploration, tolerance of unfamiliar |
| Projective Tests | an instrument that indirectly measures motives, desires, or emotions by asking the subject to respond to an ambiguous stimulus |
| Rorschach’s Inkblot Test | assumes that what we see in its 10 symmetrical inkblots reflects our inner feelings and conflict (most widely used projective test) |
| Humanistic assessment technique | questionnaire assessments of self-concept and self-actualization |
| Trait assessment technique | objective psychological tests to assess the strength of different traits |
| Minnesota Multiphasic personality Inventory (MMPI) | goal is to assess psychiatric problems and disorders rather than normal psychological traits |
Created by:
asc1892
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