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Unit 3
Important People to know in Language and Learning
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ivan Pavlov* | A Russian psychologist best known for his discovery of classical conditioning significantly influencing the development of behaviorism. |
| Lev Vygotsky | A Russian psychologist who proposed that learning is a social process. |
| John B. Watson | An American psychologist who founded behaviorism, famous for his "Little Albert" experiment. |
| John Garcia/Robert Koelling | An American psychologist known for his research on taste aversion. He worked with Koelling, who focused on the context. |
| Edward Thorndike and Law of Effect* | An American psychologist known for his law of effect which states that behaviors with pleasant consequences are more likely to be strengthened, and behaviors followed by discomfort are more likely to be weakened. |
| B.F. Skinner | An American psychologist and behaviorist famous for developing operant conditioning explaining how behaviors are shaped by consequences. |
| Robert Rescorla | An American psychologist who specialized in conditioning and associative learning, and founded contingency theory. |
| Albert Bandura* | A Canadian-American psychologist known for developing social learning theory and the concept of self-efficacy. |
| Edward Tolman | An American psychologist known for his concepts of cognitive maps and latent learning with rats. |
| Noam Chomsky | An American linguist highly influential for challenging behaviorism and treating language as a biological mental capacity. |
| Sir Francis Galton | A British scientist and psychologist who founded differential psychology. |