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Forces

TermDefinition
Force A push or pull acting on an object.
Mass The amount of matter in an object; measured in kilograms (kg).
Motion A change in an object's position over time.
Speed How fast an object moves; calculated as distance ÷ time.
Distance The length of the path an object travels
Velocity speed in a direction
Acceleration The rate at which velocity changes (speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction).
Inertia The tendency of an object to resist changes in motion; related to mass.
Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia) An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
Newton's Second Law (Law of Acceleration) Force equals mass times acceleration (F = m x a). The greater the mass, the more force needed to accelerate it.
Newton's Third Law For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Balanced Forced Forces acting on an object that are equal in size and opposite in direction; no change in motion.
Unbalanced Forces Forces that are not equal; cause a change in motion.
Friction A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact.
Gravity A force that pulls objects toward each other; on Earth, it pulls objects toward the center of the planet
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