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psy400ch11p253

Neuroscience Methods

TermDefinition
Neuroimaging Techniques: Electroencephalography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion-weighted Imaging, Near-infrared Spectroscopy
Neuropsychology refers to studies of individuals with brain damage
Cognitive neuroscience Research with the goal of furthering a brain based understanding of mind.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) strong magnet causes some neurons to fire in the brain. Used with other neuroimaging techniques to study impact of activation on cognitive function
Electroencephalography measures brain activity by attaching electrodes to scalp and recording electrical signals from the brain
EEG categorizes in terms of wave frequency and pattern into five general types: alpha, beta, gamma, theta, and delta
EEG, ERP (Event-related potentials) disadvantages Poor spatial resolution; Influenced by intervening tissue
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) disadvantages Expensive, Subject should not move
Computed tomography (CT scans) disadvantages Uses x-rays; Does not provide high resolution; Not useful for examining ongoing activity
Positron emission tomography (PET scans) disadvantages Expensive; Uses radioactive material; Poor temporal resolution
MRI disadvantages Expensive; Not useful for examining brain activity; Subject should not move
FMRI disadvantages Expensive. poor temporal resolution; Subject should not move; Very noisy
Diffusion MRI disadvantages Expensive; Subject should not move; Very noisy
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS ) disadvantages Influenced by intervening tissue
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) disadvantages caused seizures in patients; Noisy; Only regions on the cortical surface can be stimulated
Individual EEG waveforms are quite noisy, meaning that a consistent pattern is obtained only after many trials are collected and averaged;
researchers generally report grand averages of EEG readings, that is, averages across all trials and all subjects
Event-related potential Brain activity measured in response to a particular stimulus or event using electroencephalography
Executive control The management of cognitive processes involved in planning, problem solving, reasoning,and switching between tasks
Flanker task: A test measuring attention and inhibitory control by asking the participant to focus on a particular stimulus ( < ) while ignoring other stimuli surrounding it (>>>>< >>>>> ).
Congruent trials in a flanker task the target and distractor items face In the same direction («< < «<)
Incongruent trials in a flanker task the target and distractor items face in a different direction («< > «<)
Created by: james22222222
 

 



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