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BDK ID #3-4

Basic Drug Knowledge Infectious Diseases Page #3-4

Generic NameBrand NameClassificationPharmacologic CategoryCommon IndicationsActivity AgainstKey Side EffectsUS Boxed WarningsOther Notes
Clindamycin (PO, IV) Cleocin Lincosamide Antibiotic Skin & Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI), Pharyngitis MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)/MSSA (Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus Aureus), Streptococcus Species, Anaerobes Diarrhea, Clostridioides Difficile Diarrhea Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including clindamycin, & may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis
Sulfamethoxazole & Trimethoprim (PO, IV) Bactrim, Bactrim DS Sulfonamide Antibiotic Skin & Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI), Cystitis, Pyelonephritis, Opportunistic Infection Prophylaxis MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus), Enterobacteriaceae Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Skin Rashes (Rarely SJS [Stevens-Johnson syndrome] or TEN [Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis], Photosensitivity, Crystalluria, Hyperkalemia, Increased Serum Creatinine, Hypersensitivity Reactions
Nitrofurantoin (PO) Macrobid Urinary Antibiotic Cystitis Escherichia Coli Nausea, Pulmonary Fibrosis (Chronic Use)
Fosfomycin (PO) Monurol Urinary Antibiotic Cystitis Escherichia Coli Headache, Diarrhea, Nausea
Tobramycin (IV, Inhaled) Tobi (Inhaled) Aminoglycoside Antibiotic Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP), Cystic Fibrosis (Nebulized Only) Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Nephrotoxicitiy, Ototoxicity
Vancomycin (IV, PO) Vancocin Glycopeptide Antibiotic IV: Skin & Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI), Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP), Meningitis, Endocarditis, Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infection (CRBSI) PO: Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus), Clostridioides Difficile (PO Only) Nephroxtoxicity, Vancomycin Infusion Reaction, Ototoxicity
Metronidazole (PO, IV) Flagyl Antibiotic Anaerobic Infections, Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) Bacteroides Species, Clostridioides Difficile Nausea, Metallic Taste, Disulfiram Reaction with Alcohol, Peripheral Neuropathy (Long-Term Use)
Mupirocin (Topical) Bactroban Antibiotic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Decolonization No Major Side Effects
Neomycin + Polymyxin B + Bacitracin (Topical, Ophthalmic) Topical: Neosporin Ophthalmic: Neo-Polycin Neosporin: OTC Topical Antibiotic Topical Infection Prevention, Ocular Infections Reddening, Itching
Terbinafine (PO, Topical) Lamisil Topical: OTC Allylamine Antifungal Onychomycosis Nausea, Abdominal Pain, Diarrhea, Elevated Hepatic Transaminases, Headache
Fluconazole (PO, IV) Diflucan Azole Antifungal Vulvovaginal Candidiasis, Oropharyngeal Candidiasis, Invasive Candidiasis Nausea, Abdominal Pain, Diarrhea, QTc Prolongation, Elevated Hepatic Transaminases
Ketoconazole (PO, Topical) Nizoral Topical: OTC Azole Antifungal Tinea Infections Nausea, Abdominal Pain, Diarrhea, QTc Prolongation, Elevated Hepatic Transaminases Serious hepatotoxicity, including cases with a fatal outcome or requiring liver transplanation have occurred; May cause QTc prolongation & drug interactions leading to QTc prolongation
Nystatin (PO) --- Polyene Antifungal Oropharyngeal Candidiasis Phlebitis, Diarrhea, Vomiting, Anemia, Fever
Nystatin (Topical) Nystop Polyene Antifungal Cutaneous & Mucocutaneous Fungal Infections Burning, Itching Only use oral solutions for thrush
Micafungin (IV) Mycamine Echinocandin Antifungal Invasive Candidiasis No Major Side Effects
Betamethasone & Clotrimazole (Topical) Lotrisone Glucocorticoid & Azole Antifungal Cutaneous Fungal Infections Burning, Itching, Dryness, Skin Atrophy Do not use for diaper dermatitis; Adrenal suppresion with long-term use over large areas of skin
Oseltamivir (PO) Tamiflu Neuraminidase Inhibitor Antiviral Influenza Nausea, Vomiting, Neuropsychiatric Events (i.e., Confusion, Delirium, Hallucinations) in Pediatric Patients (Rare)
Acyclovir (PO, IV) Zovirax Antiviral Herpes Simplex Virus Nausea, Increased Hepatic Transaminases, Crystalluria Vesicant
Valacyclovir (PO) Valtrex Antiviral Herpes Simplex Virus Nausea, Increased Hepatic Transaminases
Nirmatrelvir + Ritonavir (PO) Paxlovid Antiviral COVID-19 Diarrhea, Dysgeusia Significant drug interactions; Strong CYP3A inhibitor
Remdesivir (IV) Veklury Antiviral COVID-19 Hyperglycemia, Renal Impairment, Bradycardia, Increased Liver Enzymes, Hypersensitivity
Emtricitabine + Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (PO) Truvada Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection, Preexposure Prophylaxis (PreP), Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Decreased Bone Mineral Density, Kidney Injury, Nausea, Diarrhea Post treatment acute exacerbation of hepatitis B, Risk of drug resistance with use for preexposure prophylaxis
Emtricitabine (NRTI) + Tenofovir Alafenamide (NRTI) + Bictegravir (INSTI) (PO) Biktarvy Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) & Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor (INSTI) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Increased Serum Bilirubin, Headache, Weight Gain, Insomnia, Diarrhea, Nausea Post treatment acute exacerbation of hepatitis B Take oral INSTIs 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing calcium, aluminum, magnesium, or iron
Created by: nataliemvo
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