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BDK GI #1-2
Basic Drug Knowledge Gastroenterology Page #1-2
| Generic Name | Brand Name | Classification | Pharmacologic Category | Common Indications | Key Side Effects | US Boxed Warnings | Other Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dicyclomine (PO) | Bentyl | Anticholinergic; Antispasmodic | Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | Drowsiness, Blurred Vision, Dizziness, Xerostomia, Constipation | CI in Gastrointestinal Obstruction, Reflux Esophagitis, Acute Hemorrhage with Cardiac Instability, Obstructive Uropathy, Glaucoma | ||
| Linaclotide (PO) | Linzess | Guanylate Cyclase C Agonist | Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation (IBS-C), Opioid-Induced Constipation | Diarrhea, Abdominal Pain | Do not use in patients < 2 years of age (Risk of death due to dehydration) | CI in Mechanical Gastrointestinal Obstruction | |
| Polyethylene Glycol 3350 (PO) | MiraLax | OTC | Osmotic Laxative | Constipation | Abdominal Cramping, Electrolyte Imbalance | CI with Bowel Obstruction | |
| Lactulose (PO) | Enulose, Constulose | Osmotic Laxative | Constipation, Hepatic Encephalopathy | Abdominal Cramps, Abdominal Distention, Diarrhea, Flatulence | |||
| Senna (PO) | Ex-Lax, Senokot | OTC | Stimulant Laxative | Constipation | Abdominal Cramping, Electrolyte Imbalance | ||
| Docusate (PO) | Colace | OTC | Stool Softener | Prevent Straining During Defecation | Do Not Use with Mineral Oil | ||
| Dexamethasone (PO, IV) | DexPak, DoubleDex | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory Diseases, Cerebral Edema, Chemotherapy Induced Nausea & Vomiting (CINV) | Hyperglycemia, Increased Appetite with Weight Gain, Depression, Irritability, Anxiety, Restlessness, Insomnia, Osteoporosis (Chronic Use), Cushing's Syndrome (Chronic Use) | Risk of Adrenal Suppression with Prolonged Use | ||
| Methylprednisolone (PO, IM, IV) | Medrol, Solu-Medrol | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory Diseases, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbation, Asthma Exacerbation, Acute Gout | Hyperglycemia, Increased Appetite with Weight Gain, Depression, Irritability, Anxiety, Restlessness, Insomnia, Osteoporosis (Chronic Use), Cushing's Syndrome (Chronic Use) | Risk of Adrenal Suppression with Prolonged Use | ||
| Prednisolone (PO) | Orapred | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory Diseases, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbation, Asthma Exacerbation, Acute Gout | Hyperglycemia, Increased Appetite with Weight Gain, Depression, Irritability, Anxiety, Restlessness, Insomnia, Osteoporosis (Chronic Use), Cushing's Syndrome (Chronic Use) | Risk of Adrenal Suppression with Prolonged Use | ||
| Prednisone (PO) | Deltasone, Rayos | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory Diseases, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbation, Asthma Exacerbation, Acute Gout | Hyperglycemia, Increased Appetite with Weight Gain, Depression, Irritability, Anxiety, Restlessness, Insomnia, Osteoporosis (Chronic Use), Cushing's Syndrome (Chronic Use) | Risk of Adrenal Suppression with Prolonged Use | ||
| Hydrocortisone (PO, IV, Topical) | Topical: Cortaid IV: Solu-Cortef | Topical: OTC | Corticosteroid | Topical: Inflammation, Rash PO/IV: Acute Illness, Adrenal Insufficiency | Hyperglycemia, Increased Appetite with Weight Gain, Depression, Irritability, Anxiety, Restlessness, Insomnia, Osteoporosis (Chronic Use), Cushing's Syndrome (Chronic Use) | Risk of Adrenal Suppression with Prolonged Use | |
| Famotidine (PO, IV) | Pepcid, Zantac 360 | PO: OTC | Histamine (H2) Antagonist | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Erosive Esophagitis, Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis (SUP) | Headache, constipation, Diarrhea, Mental Status changes | ||
| Metoclopramide (PO, IV) | Reglan | Dopamine (D2) Antagonist | Gastroparesis, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Nausea, Vomiting | Drowsiness, Dystonia, Akathisia, EPS (Extrapyramidal Symptoms), QTc Prolongation, Diarrhea, Hyperprolactinemia | May Cause Tardive Dyskinesia, Do Not Use > 12 Weeks | CI with GI Obstruction, Perforation, or Hemorrhage | |
| Ondansetron (PO, IV) | Zofran, Zofran ODT, Zuplenz | Selective Serotonin (5-HT3) Antagonist | Nausea, Vomiting | Headache, Fatigue, Constipation, QTc Prolongation | |||
| Promethazine (PO, IM, IV, PR) | Phenergan | Histamine (H1) Antagonist | Motion Sickness, Nausea, Vomiting | Drowsiness, Dry Mouth, Blurred Vision, QTc Prolongation, EPS (Extrapyramidal Symptoms) | Potential for fatal respiratory depression in patients < 2 years old; Injection can cause peripheral extravasation (Preferred parenteral route is IM) | ||
| Meclizine (PO) | Bonine | OTC | Histamine (H1) Antagonist | Motion Sickness, Vertigo | Drowsiness, Dry Mouth, Blurry Vision | ||
| Diphenoxylate & Atropine (PO) | Lomotil | Antidiarrheal | Diarrhea | Nausea, Confusion, Drowsiness, Dizziness, Xerostomia, Tachycardia, Urinary Retention | Do not use in diarrhea associated with enterotoxin-producing bacteria or in children < 6 years of age | ||
| Dexlansoprazole (PO) | Dexilant | Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), Erosive Esophagitis, Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis (SUP) | Headaches, Abdominal Pain, Nausea, Diarrhea, Bone Fracture, Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Hypomagnesemia, Increased Risk of Clostridioides Difficile Associated Diarrhea (CDAD) | |||
| Esomeprazole (PO, IV) | Nexium | PO: OTC | Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), Erosive Esophagitis, Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis (SUP) | Headaches, Abdominal Pain, Nausea, Diarrhea, Bone Fracture, Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Hypomagnesemia, Increased Risk of Clostridioides Difficile Associated Diarrhea (CDAD) | ||
| Lansoprazole (PO) | Prevacid | OTC | Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), Erosive Esophagitis, Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis (SUP) | Headaches, Abdominal Pain, Nausea, Diarrhea, Bone Fracture, Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Hypomagnesemia, Increased Risk of Clostridioides Difficile Associated Diarrhea (CDAD) | ||
| Omeprazole (PO) | Prilosec | OTC | Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), Erosive Esophagitis, Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis (SUP) | Headaches, Abdominal Pain, Nausea, Diarrhea, Bone Fracture, Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Hypomagnesemia, Increased Risk of Clostridioides Difficile Associated Diarrhea (CDAD) | ||
| Pantoprazole (PO, IV) | Protonix | Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), Erosive Esophagitis, Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis (SUP) | Headaches, Abdominal Pain, Nausea, Diarrhea, Bone Fracture, Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Hypomagnesemia, Increased Risk of Clostridioides Difficile Associated Diarrhea (CDAD) | |||
| Sucralfate (PO) | Carafate | Gastrointestinal Protectant | Duodenal Ulcers | Constipation Bezoar Formation | Take on an empty stomach; Many drug interactions due to reducing absorption of other drugs |
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nataliemvo
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