Because well-designed structured observations involve a process of carefully defining the variables of interest and controlling the

environment in which these variables occur, they have the potential for both high external and construct validity

the degree to which a variable captures the behavior it is intended to measure

Disadvantages of Structured Observation

it may not be obvious where control should be applied

record without the consent of those being recorded only if

you are observing in a public setting

advantages of recording equipment

narrowly, focused, and tightly operationalized constructs and variables; many viewings; many raters

categorizing data to facilitate analysis.

coding typically refers to taking the rich, qualitative information that is gathered and

distilling it into a form that is more readily amenable to statistical examination.

An observation approach where all of the behaviors in a given time period are recorded.

three broad types of sampling

specimen record; event sampling; time sampling

a detailed examination of a single individual over a period of time

Case studies arc most useful for studying

rare phenomena and arc often the only way to do so

Advantages of Case Studies

rich data sets for theoretical or applied research questions, especialy for neuropsychologists

Disadvantages of Case Studies

difficulty drawing inferences; information may be inaccurate

incomplete or biased by the researcher

The study ofdata that have been previously collected.

U.S. Census for social, economic, and housing categories.

General Social Survey (http;//www3.norc.org/GSS-t-Website/)

contains demographic and attitudinal data.

Child Language Data Exchange System (

enables investigators to examine particular research questions that involve everyday language and communication

conducting archival research properly requiresthe creation of

detailed coding schemes and long hours poring over transcripts and other existing materials.

Advantages of Archival Research

no data collection; large amount of data allows large, representative sample; test different models or theories

Disadvantages of Archival Research

limit research questions specific data; might not include wanted variables; different population; out of date questions

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Advantages of Structured Observation

Term	Definition
Advantages of Structured Observation	discoveries not possible in naturalistic studies; potential for high external and construct validity
Because well-designed structured observations involve a process of carefully defining the variables of interest and controlling the	environment in which these variables occur, they have the potential for both high external and construct validity
Construct validity	the degree to which a variable captures the behavior it is intended to measure
Disadvantages of Structured Observation	it may not be obvious where control should be applied
Video Recording issues	reactivity
record without the consent of those being recorded only if	you are observing in a public setting
advantages of recording equipment	narrowly, focused, and tightly operationalized constructs and variables; many viewings; many raters
Coding	categorizing data to facilitate analysis.
coding typically refers to taking the rich, qualitative information that is gathered and	distilling it into a form that is more readily amenable to statistical examination.
Specimen record	An observation approach where all of the behaviors in a given time period are recorded.
three broad types of sampling	specimen record; event sampling; time sampling
Case study	a detailed examination of a single individual over a period of time
Case studies arc most useful for studying	rare phenomena and arc often the only way to do so
Advantages of Case Studies	rich data sets for theoretical or applied research questions, especialy for neuropsychologists
Disadvantages of Case Studies	difficulty drawing inferences; information may be inaccurate
Case Studies may be	incomplete or biased by the researcher
Archival research	The study ofdata that have been previously collected.
May not need to obtain institutional review board approval	for archival research
archival databases	U.S. Census for social, economic, and housing categories.
General Social Survey (http;//www3.norc.org/GSS-t-Website/)	contains demographic and attitudinal data.
Child Language Data Exchange System (	enables investigators to examine particular research questions that involve everyday language and communication
conducting archival research properly requiresthe creation of	detailed coding schemes and long hours poring over transcripts and other existing materials.
Advantages of Archival Research	no data collection; large amount of data allows large, representative sample; test different models or theories
Disadvantages of Archival Research	limit research questions specific data; might not include wanted variables; different population; out of date questions

Created by: james22222222

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