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Psychology: Memory
Psychology: Memory Cognition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Metacognition | Thinking about one's own thinking processes. |
| Executive Functions | Cognitive processes that allows individuals to generate, organize, plan and carry out goal-directed behaviors and experience critical thinking. |
| Prototypes | A mental image or best example of a category that aids in recognizing and categorizing objects or concepts. |
| Schemas | Cognitive frameworks or blueprints that help organize and interprets info based in past experiences and knowledge. |
| Assimilation | The cognitive process of fitting new info into existing schemas. |
| Accomodation | The cognitive process of modifying existing schemas or creating new ones in response to new info. |
| Convergent Thinking | Cognitive process that focuses on finding a single, correct solution to a problem by applying logical steps. |
| Divergent Thinking | A thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions |
| Functional Fixedness | A cognitive bias that limits person to using an object daily in the way it is traditionally used. |
| Algorithms | Step by step procedures or formulas for solving problems that guarantee a correct solution. |
| Heuristics | Mental shortcuts or "rules of thumb" that simplify decision making by reducing the cognitive burden. |
| Representativeness Heuristic | Cognitive shortcut where in individuals make judgements about the probability of an event under uncertainty based on how much it resembles existing stereotype or typical cases. |
| Availability Heuristic | A mental shortcut that relies on immediate example that come to a person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision. |
| Mental Set | A tendency to approach situations in a certain way because that method worked in the past, which can sometimes prevent seeing alternative solutions. |
| Priming | Exposure to one stimulus influences the response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention. |
| Framing | How info is presented influences decisions and perceptions |
| Gamblers Fallacy | Cognitive bias that occurs when individuals believe that the outcome of a random event is influenced by previous outcomes, even though each event is independent and has no bearing on future results. |
| Sunk-Cost Fallacy | Cognitive bias where individuals continue investing time, money, or effort into a project or decision because they have already invested so much, even if the returns are poor or the endeavor no longer aligns with their goals. |
| Intelligence | The ability to learn from experiences, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. |
| g (General Intelligence) | Overarching mental ability that influences performances on various cognitive tasks |
| Multiple Intelligence | Theory suggests that individuals possess different types of intelligence beyond traditional measures such as linguistics, logical, mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily, kinesthetic, interpersonal, intraperitoneal, and naturalistic intelligence. |
| Growth Mindset | The belief that abilities and intelligences can be developed through dedication and effort. |
Created by:
Claire.hardrath
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