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Psychology: Memory
Psychology: Memory Cognition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Perception | The process by which our brain organizes and interprets sensory info, transforming it into meaningful objects and events. |
| Bottom-Up Processing | A way our brain makes sense of information by starting with the small details and then building up to a complete perception. |
| Top-Down Processing | Involves interpreting sensory information based on the larger context. Prior knowledge, expectations. |
| Selective Attention | The process of focusing on a specific aspect of information while ignoring others. |
| Cocktail Party Effect | Our ability to focus on a single conversation in a noisy environment like crowded party, while tuning out other stimuli |
| Inattentional Blindness | An individual fails to notice an unexpected stimulus in their visual field when their attention is focused on something else. |
| Change Blindness | The failure to notice large changes in ones environment when the change occurs simultaneously with a visual disruption. |
| Schemas | Mental frame works that help us organize and interprets information in the world around us. |
| Perceptual Set | A tendency to perceive or notice some aspects of the available sensory data and ignore others. |
| Gestalt Psychology | We perceive whole objects or figures (gestalts) rather than just a collection of parts. |
| Figure-Ground | Refers to the ability to distinguish an object from it's surroundings. |
| Binocular Depth Cues | Visual info that requires both eyes to perceive depth and distance. |
| Retinal Disparity | When each eye sees a slightly different picture because their separate positions on our face. |
| Convergence | WHen our eyes move inward toward each other to focus on a close object. |
| Monocular Depth Cues | Visual indicator of distance and space that can be perceived using just one eye. |
| Relative Clarity | A depth Cues where objects that are clear and more detailed are perceived as closer, while objects that are hazier or less clear seem further away. |
| Relative Size | A visual cue where objects closer to us appear larger while object further away appear smaller. |
| Texture Gradient | The way we perceive texture to become denser and finer as it recedes into the distance, |
| Linear Perspective | A depth Cues where parallel lines appear to converge as they recede into the distance. |
| Interposition | Occurs when one object overlaps another leading us to perceive the overlapping object as closer. |
| Perceptual Constancies | Our brain's ability to see objects as unchanging, even when the image on our retina changes. |
| Shape Constancy | Our ability to perceive an object as having the same shape, even when our angle of view or the distance from which we see the object changes. |
| SIze Constancy | Our perception that an object remains the same size, even when it's distance from us changes, causing the image on our retina to grow or shrink. |
| Color Constancy | Ability to perceive colors of objects as stable under varying lighting conditions. |
| Apparent Movement | The perception of motion when there isn't any actual movement. |
Created by:
Claire.hardrath
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