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LHS Science ALL
Short tossups and bonuses on Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This function can be calculated by taking the cotangent of x and dividing it by the cosecant of x. Name this function equal to the ratio of the adjacent side of a right triangle to the hypotenuse. | cosine |
| Euler's number, or e, is sometimes named for this mathematician. Which Scottish mathematician discovered the quantity that reduces multiplication and division to simpler addition and subtraction, the logarithm? | John Napier |
| The Law of Conservation of Mass requires this technique. What technique ensures that equal numbers of atoms are present on either side of the reaction arrow in a chemical equation? | balancing |
| Rutherford discovered this radioactive emission can penetrate several millimeters aluminum. Process provided first physical evidence for the neutrino. K capture, positron emission, electron emission are three varieties of what form of radioactive decay? | beta decay |
| This scientist coined the term "photon" and isolated the first sample of pure deuterium oxide, or heavy water. Name this physical chemist who gave his name to the dot diagrams that show the electronic structures of molecules. | Gilbert Lewis |
| An unsaturated one of these molecules is the primary constituent of olive oil and is named "oleic." The "omega-3" subtype of what molecules consist of a carboxyl group with a long carbon tail? | fatty acids [prompt on acids] |
| This two-carbon molecule forms the citric acid that enters the Krebs cycle. Name this molecule with formula CH3COOH that gives vinegar its taste. | acetic acid |
| At the vernal equinox, this is the shared value of the coordinates declination and right ascension. Name this value equal to the degree latitude at the equator. | zero |
| The SI unit for atomic mass is named for this scientist, who created the "billiard ball" model. Name this English scientist whose namesake law centers on partial pressures. | John Dalton |
| Examples of these organisms include the red-necked wallaby on the Isle of Man and Japanese knotweed. Name these organisms that are non-native and have negative impacts on the environment. | invasive species |
| This cartographer wrote the Dutch Golden Age work Cosmologia. Name this cartographer who represented Earth's surface as a rectangle, inaccurately portraying Greenland as the size of Africa. | Gerardus Mercator |
| The Løgting parliament functions in this archipelago, whose largest settlement is Tórshavn. Name this archipelago north of Great Britain, which is administered by Denmark. | Faroe Islands [or Faroes] |
| Bert and Ernie were the nicknames given to examples of this kind of subatomic particle, detected by the IceCube device at the South Pole in 2011 and 2012. Name these particles with electron, muon, and tau flavors and have low mass and zero charge. | neutrinos |
| An autoimmune disorder affecting this gland may cause eye bulging and is called Graves' disease. Which gland regulates metabolism and energy balance, growth and development, and the general activity of the nervous system? | thyroid gland |
| In thermodynamic systems, what quantity is the product of a fluid’s pressure and its change in volume, while in mechanical systems, it's the product of a force and the distance through which an object moves? | work |
| Via Bernoulli's principle, this quantity decreases while flow velocity increases. Name this phenomenon measured in pascals and atmospheres. | pressure |
| This organ produces the bicarbonate ions that neutralize the gastric acid produced by the stomach. Name this organ that controls the body's blood sugar levels by releasing insulin. | pancreas |
| Louis Pasteur developed a vaccine against this pathogen that was the world's first to target bacteria. Name this pathogen in the genus Bacillus that has been used as a biological weapon. | anthrax |
| The first entry in a list named for this man, marked M1, is the Crab Nebula. Name this French astronomer who names a catalog of astronomical objects. | Charles Messier |
| What 11-letter word indicates an injury in which a bone moves out of position? | dislocation |
| In people with this condition, when liver cells die, fibrous tissue is deposited around the small vessels in the liver, which impede the flow of blood through the organ. | cirrhosis |
| Rheumatoid arthritis and gout are treated by direct injection of what steroid, which takes its name from a steroid hormone that increases blood sugar? | cortisone |
| What name, beginning with the Greek root for “stone,” is used for the non-invasive medical device that produces shock waves to break up gallstones or kidney stones into tiny fragments? | lithotripter |
| In astronomy, refers to a complex of telescopes functions as an interferometer. In programming, can be represented by a list of values in braces or parentheses. In Perl, an at sign prefix indicates what entity that can store a zero-indexed list of values? | array |
| Scientist discovered a way to get pressurized air into a diving bell. Was the Astronomer Royal in Britain. English scientist observed a transit of Mercury in 1677 during an expedition to the island of St. Helena. Names a comet that appears every 76 years? | Edmond Halley |
| HindIII [“Hin D Three”] and Eco R1 are common examples of what chemical compounds, a type of enzyme used for cutting DNA at specific regions? | restriction enzymes |
| Jean Baptiste Perrin verified Albert Einstein's math description of this phenomenon. Caused by the collision of solvent molecules and suspended particles. Known as stochastic random walk motion. Name phenomenon first observed in floating pollen grains. | Brownian motion |
| Artificial unnatural examples of these monomers have been created with the names d5SICS and dNaM. What monomers forming RNA consist of a ribose sugar, a base such as cytosine, and a phosphate group? | nucleotides |
| Mass, energy, and momentum are all governed by what concept? The same word applies to reducing the consumption of natural resources. | conservation |
| Along with hydrogen and helium, one of the three elements produced in the Big Bang. Compounds of what element, the least dense of all metals, can be found in some types of rechargeable batteries and in pharmaceuticals used to treat bipolar disorder? | lithium |
| While working at a psychiatric hospital, this scientist discovered a method of nervous tissue staining that was later named for him. Name the Italian scientist who names a cellular organelle that processes products secreted from the endoplasmic reticulum? | Camillo Golgi |
| This organelle reduces NAD+ to NADH, which is used to energize a proton gradient. What double membrane-bound organelles are found in all eukaryotic organisms and are called the “powerhouse of the cell”? | mitochondria |
| In the 1930s, a scientist with this surname reaffirmed the theory, originally put forth by Darwin, that modern humans originated in Africa. Name this family of Louis and Mary, who worked in Olduvai Gorge. | Leakey |
| This function’s domain is all real numbers and its range is all numbers greater than 0. Name this function that is always increasing over its domain and has the formula f(x) = abˣ. | exponential function |
| What generic term indicates a low-level computer programming language that is one level above machine code or machine language, and uses short mnemonic codes for instructions? It shares its name with a "line" that moves products at factories. | assembly |
| An isotope of this element has the smallest critical mass of the common nuclear fuels. In a fast breeder reactor, neutrons are absorbed by a carpet of uranium-238 to produce the 239 isotope of which element, which can be used as a nuclear fuel? | plutonium |
| These organisms are divided into families like hawkers, clubtails, and petaltails. Found in the order anisoptera, what insects have pronounced eyes, two pairs of wings, and long tails, but do not breathe fire? | dragonflies |
| The only living species of the family Odobenidae, these animals title a 1967 John Lennon song. Name this mammal, one of which consorts with a carpenter in a Lewis Carroll poem. | walrus |
| The SI unit of magnetic flux density is named for this scientist. While Thomas Edison promoted direct current, what Croatian scientist promoted alternating current and names a car brand? | Nikola Tesla |
| After seeing this comet, Heaven's Gate cult committed mass suicide believing they would ascend to the spacecraft. This comet, due to appear again in 2,400 years. Discovered by two Arizonians in 1995. Name this comet visible to the naked eye for 19 months. | Hale-Bopp Comet |
| The colors of the Mediterranean led Raman to postulate an inelastic form of this phenomenon. Name this phenomenon that includes a type named for Rayleigh that makes the sky appear blue. | scattering |
| The Michaelis-Menten equation governs how these molecules act. Increasing the reaction rate of more than 5,000 biochemical reactions, what are these macromolecular biological catalysts? | enzymes |
| This form of sugar discovered in 1812 by Gottlieb Kirchoff, who boiled a starch suspension in water to which sulfuric acid was added. Meter for monitoring the level of what sugar in the bloodstream is used by people with hypoglycemia or diabetes mellitus? | glucose |
| This word, related to the relationship between the angle and the circle, describes a triangle which has all of its vertices on a circle. What is this word which also describes a circle which is tangent to all the sides of a polygon? | inscribed |
| Magnetic levitation circumvents the "rolling" type of this force, to which conventional trains are subjected. Coefficient of this force describes ratio of the force between two bodies and force pressing them together. What force resists motion? | friction |
| What is the molecular formula of nitrogen at STP? | N2 |
| How many valence electrons does a neutral atom of oxygen possess? | 6 |
| This is the only nonmetal that is in the liquid state at STP. | Bromine [or Br] |
| This chalcogen element is the heavier analogue of sulfur, which it sometimes replaces in cysteine. | Selenium [or Se] |
| If this part of the heart fails, its function can be taken on by the atrioventricular node. Located near the opening of the superior vena cava in the right atrium, what is this primary pacemaker of the heart? | sinoatrial node |
| This scientist performed the first transmutation when he changed nitrogen into oxygen. Name this scientist who fired alpha radiation in his gold foil experiment. | Ernest Rutherford |
| This term originally referred only to a version with formula CH3CH2OH. What is this term for any organic compound with the hydroxyl functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom? | alcohol |
| There are 3.3 x 1030 of these in the CGS unit named for Dutch Nobel laureate Peter Debye. Unit combines the SI unit of electric charge with base SI unit of length. The SI unit of electric dipole moment. Unit named for French physicist and unit of length. | Coulomb-meter |
| Named for its British inventor, this process involves the removal of impurities of a molten metal by oxidation. What is this process, the first inexpensive method for the mass production of steel? | Bessemer process |
| Kurt Schneider created a list of first-rank symptoms for this mental disorder, which can be treated by clozapine. Hallucinations and hearing voices are symptoms of what mental disorder? | schizophrenia [or schizoaffective disorder] |
| Astronomers say that this galaxy is slowly cannibalizing the M32 and NGC 205 galaxies. What is this spiral galaxy, twice as large as the Milky Way, and the biggest galaxy in the Local Group? | Andromeda galaxy |
| Equation for these things discovered in 1746 by Jean le Rond d'Alembert. Velocity at which overall shape of these things' amplitudes propagates called the ìgroup velocity. Physical phenomena. Longitudinal or transverse. Seen on the surface of water. | waves |
| Aristotle used this term for a person who feels pain caused by the undeserved success of another. A brown dwarf theorized to be in a binary system with the sun has what name, which also describes the relationship with Moriarty to Sherlock Holmes? | nemesis |
| This technique was developed by Charpentier and Doudna and uses an enzyme called Cas9. What is the acronym for the gene-editing technique that allows scientists to manipulate the genetic code of organisms and genetic mutations? | CRISPR [or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats] |
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