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psy400ch9p205-

CHAPTER 9 VARIATIONS ON EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

TermDefinition
Single-case experimental design experimental methodology (c.g., implementing experimental and control conditions) is applied to a single subject.
Two key characteristics ensure a single case experimental design manipulate an independent with a dependent variable response; individual subject actually serves as his or her own control
Reversal design ( orABA design): single-case experimental design in which baseline measurements are initially taken (A), an intervention is implemented and measurements are taken (B), and finally the intervention is removed and measurements are taken one last time (A).
ABA design baseiine-intervention-baseline
the final A of the ABA design serves as a placebo group in a traditional experimental design
If the behavior of interest differs in the final A condition from the initial A condition it may suggest that there is some carryover effect from the intervention
ABAB design: single-case experimental design involving a baseline measurement (A), an intervention measurement (B), a measurement following removal of the intervention (A), and finally a second intervention measurement (B).
Multiple baseline design: uses a varying time schedule to help determine whether the treatment itself is actually leading to the change (as opposed to just the passage of time). measurements are made at baseline, then after an intervention and again when the intervention is completed or the treatment withdrawn (return to baseline).
A multiple baseline design systematically looks at the timing and dosage of the intervention
Advantages of Single-case Experimental Designs only one individual, replicating enhances validity, experimental control
The single case also may refer to an individual, a group, or organization depending on the research question, establishing preliminary efficacy
Disadvantages of Single-case Experimental Designs difficult to draw any conclusions about a larger population, multiple observations and exposures to the intervention itself may affect the responses, ethical challenges
QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS includes some elements of experimental control without being a true experiment
Advantages of Quasi-experimental Designs flexibility (set up their methods and in the topics: take advantage of naturally occurring groups), standardize treatment
Disadvantages of Quasi-experimental Designs not as much clarity about cause-and-effect relations as full experimental designs; somewhat like correlational study
FACTORIAL DESIGN An experimental design that has more than one independent variable.
Factor A variable manipulated by the experimenter
factorial approach benefits effect of IV combinations; examine the complexity of the real world; better external validity
2 x 2 factorial design examines two factors
2 x 2 x 2 design examines three factors
Levels: The values taken on by an independent variable or factor. For example, in a drug effectiveness study, you may have a factor of "treatment,” which has levels of "placebo" and "drug"
In the 2 x 2 design, we would refer to the first factor (therapeutic style) as factor A and to the second factor (openness to therapy) as factor B.
Cell A combination of one level from each factor in the experiment
The number of cells in a factorial design equals the number of levels of the different factors multiplied by each other
For example, a 2 x 2 design would have 4 cells, whereas a 3 x 4 design would have 12 cells
Each condition (often referred to as a cell) represents a unique combination of the levels of the independent variables.
Created by: james22222222
 

 



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