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Survey and Interview Approaches

TermDefinition
Survey A set of questions administered to a group of respondents, usually via paper or online, to learn about attitudes and behavior.
Risk factors are individual and contextual characteristics that increase the chance of engaging in substance use
sensitive periods are when risk factors are especially powerful.
interview A data collection technique in which researchers ask participants questions orally, either in person or over the phone.
Questionnaire A set of questions that may be part of a survey or interview.
the term "survey” is often reserved for measures that contain more than one questionnaire or that include interview methods.
researchers may collaborate with organizations such as the National Institutes of Health to create and validate a number of standard measures, such as the NIH Toolbox (that are free and available to any researcher)
Advantages of Surveys Efficient and Economical, Large Sample Sizes, Allure of Anonymity, Flexibility
Efficient and Economical collect a large amount of data in a relatively short time
Large Sample Sizes run statistical analyses on randomly selected portions of the data
Allure of Anonymity obtain information that a participant might not be willing to share in a face to-face interview
Flexibility: can be used to investigate a large number of different research questions, can be adapted to a participant’s responses, and they can be completed at the convenience of the respondent, easily modified
Disadvantages of Surveys: Fatigue Effects and Attrition, Not Understand, Fraudulent, Agenda Selection Bias, Participation Biases, Nonresponse Bias, Self-selection Bias, Experimenter Bias
Self-selection bias may occur when it is completely up to potential respondents whether they participate in a survey.
Participation Biases nonresponse bias, self selection bias, and motivated respondent bias.
Nonresponse Bias contacted and choose to complete a survey differ in some ways from others who are contacted but choose not to participate.
Fatigue Effects Negative effects on survey responses or completion resulting from subjects tiring of the survey.
Social Desirability Bias when it is completely up to potential respondents whether they participate in a survey
Careless responding (CR): Lack of careful attention to one's own responses in a survey because of disinterest or the desire to complete the survey as quickly as possible
Lie scale: A set of survey items used to determine if participants are taking the task seriously and not simply responding in such a way as to present themselves in the best possible light
Motivated respondent bias occurs in situations where people are highly motivated to complete a survey for the purpose of affecting public opinion.
the most motivated respondents may be those with the most extreme views and may not represent the larger population.
Experimenter bias introduced by the way in which experimenters ask questions (related to framing effects).
Response set: The tendency for a participant to respond to survey items with a consistent pattern of responses regardless of the question being asked (e.g., answering "strongly agree” to a long string of questions).
Attrition The loss of research participants prior to completion of study
Social desirability bias (evaluation apprehension) The tendency of respondents to provide answers that will be viewed favorably by others.
Motivated respondent bias: like wanting to look good (social desirability bias), please the researcher, guess the study's goal (demand characteristics), or just finish quickly (satisficing)
Created by: james22222222
 



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