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Personality Traits
Personality Traits, Self-Concept, and Cultural Variations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is personality? | A stable characteristic of an individual that causes them to behave in relatively consistent ways. |
| What is the focus of personality psychology? | To identify and scientifically measure personality traits, focusing on individual differences. |
| What is assessment in the context of personality? | The process of developing and validating tools to accurately measure and quantify traits and other features of personality. |
| What are self-reports in personality assessment? | Measures of what people are willing and able to describe about themselves. |
| What are informant reports? | Ratings of a person made by their family and close friends. |
| What are projective tests? | Tests where people interpret ambiguous stimuli, potentially revealing underlying motivations or projections. |
| What is the lexical hypothesis? | The idea that traits useful for differentiating personality characteristics are encoded in language. |
| Who is Gordon Allport? | A pioneer of the trait approach to personality who identified central, secondary, and cardinal traits. |
| What are central traits? | General dispositions that describe a person. |
| What are cardinal traits? | Traits that dominate a personality and define an individual. |
| What is the role of traits in personality? | Traits shape how a person interprets the world and can lead to similar behaviors across different situations. |
| What is factor analysis? | A statistical technique used to group trait descriptor words into a smaller set for research. |
| How many personality traits did Cattell reduce Allport's list to? | 16 personality traits. |
| What are the five dimensions of the Five-Factor Model? | Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. |
| How do personality traits change over the lifespan? | Average increases in agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability, with mixed changes in extraversion. |
| What is the person-situation debate? | A critique of the trait approach, emphasizing that behavior is influenced by both personal dispositions and situational contexts. |
| What is self-concept? | The broad network of mental representations a person has of themselves, integrating humanistic and cognitive perspectives. |
| What is independent self-construal? | A notion of self as a bounded and stable entity distinct from others, typical in individualistic cultures. |
| What is interdependent self-construal? | A notion of self defined by connections to others, common in collectivistic cultures. |
| What is locus of control? | A person's perception of what determines their outcomes, whether internal characteristics or external forces. |
| What is learned helplessness? | A state of passive resignation to an aversive situation believed to be outside one's control. |
| What is self-esteem? | Our general positive attitude toward ourselves. |
| What is the sociometer theory? | A theory suggesting that self-esteem is used to assess the degree of acceptance by others. |
| What is narcissism? | The tendency to have unrealistic and self-aggrandizing views of oneself, often leading to defensiveness and low empathy. |
Created by:
skyfalls
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