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psy400ch6p119-131
ch6Developing Your Research Protocol
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| four key aspects of research design: | obtaining your sample, choosing your measures, conducting a power analysis, and formulating your analysis plan |
| Population | The entire group of individuals relevant to your research |
| a population is a moving target that | always depends on your research question |
| In considering potential participants, you must decide which | criteria you will use to include or exclude individuals from the population of interest |
| Sample | A subset of individuals drawn from the population of interest |
| Representative sample | shares the essential characteristics of the population from which it was drawn |
| If your goal is to make an externally valid conclusion that applies | to the outside world, then having a representative sample matters |
| consider whether a phenomenon is universal enough | to let you dismiss sampling concerns |
| ask a member of the sample group to | be part of the research team |
| find out as much as you can about the target population, | including its history of labels |
| Once you decide on a label, | be consistent in referring to your different sample groups |
| “nonstandard ” or "atypical ” populations | participants who vary in important ways from the general population |
| using labels viewed as insulting by your participants may influence their honesty and willingness to | provide accurate information or participate at all |
| consult with experts or advocates of the group | for the preferred terminology |
| atypical samples tend to | be quite heterogeneous |
| Random sampling | A method in which every member of a given population has an equal chance of being selected into a sample. |
| Don't select the same person from the population more than once, because this would violate statistical | assumptions about the independence of observations and would potentially skew your results |
| Successful random sampling assumes that you have complete access | to the entire population of interest |
| Stratified random sampling: A technique whereby a population is divided into homogeneous groups | along some key dimension (for example, race/ethnicity), and then random samples are drawn from within each of the subgroups. |
| Oversampling: The intentional overrecruitment of underrepresented groups | into a sample to ensure that there will be enough representation of those groups to make valid research conclusions. |
| Nonprobability sample | members of the population are not all given an equal chance of being selected |
| Convenience sampling | makes use of the most readily available group of participants |
| Snowball sampling | participants are asked to help recruit additional participants |
| Nonprobability sampling methods | Convenience sampling, Snowball sampling |
| Self-selection | participants electively place themselves into a particular sample (or they opt out of participation). |
| researchers can try to account for self-selection by understanding and, in some cases, | measuring the factors that might lead participants to opt in or out |
| Online Samples | Mechanical Turk (MTurk), SurveyMonkey and Qualtrics |
| SurveyMonkey and Qualtrics also provide extensive tools for | constructing, structuring and presenting your survey |
| SurveyMonkey and Qualtrics have a variety of question or item types, including rating scales, | multiple choice and open-ended questions and determine whether items are presented in fixed or randomized orders |
Created by:
james22222222