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Psych final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social psychology | studies the individual in a group also influenced by the imagined or implied |
| availability heuristic | relies on info that's easily recalled or readily available |
| internal attribution | attributing our own, or another person's behavior to personality or personal characteristics |
| external attribution | attributing our own, or another person's behavior to external factors such as the situation or environment |
| fundamental attribution error | people do things because of internal (dispositional) reasons rather than external (situational) |
| cognitive dissonance | state of psychological tension that develops when a person is faced with 2 conflicting attitudes or a conflicting attitude and behavior |
| affect polarization | echo chamber; when we're exposed to only 1 side, we develop a strong dislike for the other side |
| door-in-the-face | involves making a large request first then making a smaller request that seems more reasonable when first one is refused |
| obedience | complying with direct requests that come from a person perceived to be in a position of authority |
| joint task | involves 2 or more people coordinating their actions in time and space to achieve a shared goal |
| men are more likely to be involved in _______ aggression and women are more likely to be involved in __________ aggression | direct, indirect |
| prejudice is to __________ as discrimination is to __________ | attitude, behavior |
| Triangular theory of love | Intimacy, passion, COMMITTMENT |
| John Gottman | #1 marital counselor came up with the 5:1 ratio (5 positives for 1 negative) |
| personality | an enduring, consistent style of thinking, state, feeling, behaving |
| psycho determinism | belief that unconscious processes underlie all conscious thoughts and actions; determines who you are |
| id | Freudian component of personality that is present at birth and tries to satisfy basic drives and survival instincts |
| displacement | person redirects their emotions from original source to less threatening target |
| self concept | develops at adolescence; a persons understanding of who he or she is; reflected in the way an individual thinks of themselves |
| individual psychology | theory of personality that suggests there is a universal motivation to achieve superiority, while emphasizing that each person's unique struggle with feelings of inferiority is the key to understanding their personality |
| conditions of worth | internalizing message suggesting conditions that one must meet before they're accepted by another person; develops when someone doesn't experience unconditional positive regard |
| ideal self and actual self-cause anxiety | the root of psychological problems is discrepancy between these two |
| internal locus of control | belief that an individual controls the situation, their own rewards, and their own fate |
| self efficacy | belief that you can do something specifically, individual's expectations and beliefs about their own abilities to perform certain tasks |
| trait | relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular way |
| neuroticism | tendency to experience negative emotions more frequently |
| reciprocal determinism | you affect the environment and the environment affects you |
| unconditional positive regard | therapists accept and value another person despite their problems or weaknesses |
| psychopathology | scientific study of mental/psychological disorders; psychological problems have physical causes |
| mental disorder | clinically significant disturbance in a person's thoughts, emotions, or behavior that reflects dysfunction in mental functioning |
| predisposing | the genetic background of why someone gets a psychological disorder |
| precipitating | specific or general trauma that causes psychological disorder to arise |
| perpetuating | raises question for "what keeps psychological disorder going?" |
| DSM-5 | Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders is the American psychiatric association's official guide for diagnosing mental or psychological disorders; "Gold Standard" |
| fear and anxiety | ______ is the response to a specific threat; _________ is less clearly defined threat |
| distress | suffering, anguish, pain |
| amygdala and insula | 2 things in the brain connected to fear and anxiety |
| cognitive triad | explanation for mood disorders that includes negative thinking about themselves, the world, and the future |
| schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder | both involve psychosis (split from reality) and involve multiple personalities |
| borderline personality disorder | personality disorder that involves dramatic and erratic emotions and behaviors that often include self-harming behavior |
| demonic possession and witchcraft | reasons in the Middle Ages for psychological disorders |
| intro to moral therapy | Philippe Panel introduced this; removed chains, improved environment, and time outside |
| unmedicated, homeless | the negative outcomes of deinstitutionalization |
| insight | when a solution to a problem presents itself suddenly |
| resistance | a patient's attempts to avoid in engaging in the therapeutic process |
| client is source | person centered therapy where you focus on the patient |
| active listening | key component of person-centered therapy where a therapist echoes, restates, and seeks clarification of patient's statements to convey an interest in understanding what patient is saying |
| determinism equals __________ and humanism equals ______________ | psychoanalytic, free will |
| family systems | one family can effect the entire unit |
| systematic desensitization | type of exposure therapy where people learn to pair states of deep relaxation while being exposed to anxiety-provoking situations using a fear hierarchy |
| all or nothing thinking | seeing things in black and white with little room for middle ground; "what part of this is true?" |
| cognitive reconstruction | therapists teach patients to identify negative automatic thoughts, evaluate or test accuracy of their thoughts, and replace them with more realistic thoughts; take every thought captive |
| cognitive behavioral theory | type of psychotherapy which focuses on interrelated nature of our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors |
| Matching: psychodynamic | -Sigmund Freud -Fixation -unconscious conflicts |
| Matching: humanistic | -Abraham Maslow -"Be all you can be" -Carl Rogers -client centered therapy |
| Matching: Biological/medical | -"psychological problems have physical cause" -treatments (meds, surgery, etc) |
| Matching: cognitive | -negative thought patterns -stinking thinking |
| Matching: behavioral | -behavior is learned and can be unlearned -BF Skinner -John Watson -classical conditioning |
Created by:
auweb921
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