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psy400ch5p103-109
psy400ch5p103
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| CHOOSE A RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | your research question should always drive the choice of method and should interest you. |
| researchers just starting in a new domain of inquiry might use an observational design or | open-ended interviews to help narrow and define the research question |
| Correlational design: A research method that is not designed to uncover underlying causes related to certain phenomena, but | that attempts to understand how different variables are related to one another. |
| using multiple methods can help establish | the validity of a particular finding. |
| Causal design: A research method designed to understand | what causes or explains a certain phenomenon |
| Quantitative research | results in data that can be numerically measured |
| In quantitative research designs, measurement is typically determined a priori, | that is, before the study is conducted. |
| Experimental methods | are often held up as the gold standard for scientific research |
| experimental method includes the important technique of | random assignment to an experimental or a control group; participants are assigned by chance to either group |
| Independent variable | A factor that is systematically varied in an experiment. |
| Dependent variable | The response that is measured by the experimenter that is thought to he related to levels of the Independent variable |
| Moderating variable | influences the direction or strength of the relationship between independent and dependent variables (socioeconomic status). |
| Mediating variable | explains the relation between two other variables. |
| A major, frequently cited disadvantage of | experimental methodology is its artificiality. |
| lack of resemblance to the "real world" | may call the applicability of the results into question |
| Nonexperimental methods: research approaches that do not attempt to manipulate or control the environment, | but rather involve the researcher using a systematic technique to examine what is already occurring. |
| when you observe and measure a phenomenon as it naturally occurs, | you can be assured that your data are a reasonably unadulterated reflection of reality |
| it is often impossible—logistically, ethically, or both— | to experimentally manipulate some phenomena |
| nonexperimental research data do not allow you to | draw conclusions about directionality of effects |
| bidirectionality | the causal arrow may go in both directions. |
| Qualitative research | Investigations where researchers infer meaning or patterns from the data |
| Whereas quantitative research focuses on obtaining information that can be quantified or counted, | qualitative research emphasizes meaning |
| qualitative researchers are generally interested in | participants' subjective experience |
| Grounded theory (Bottom-up approach) | assumes researchers should allow themes to emerge from the data and adopt a more atheoretical approach |
| Bottom-up approach | The idea that the data should drive the formation of theory |
| Top-down approach | The view that theory constrains the manner in which data or information are interpreted. |
| Induction | A process where novel ideas and concepts emerge from exploration of data |
Created by:
james22222222