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psy400ch4p78-
psy400ch4p78-Take a Variety of Psychology Classes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Inattentional blindness: An error of perception where | people do not pay attention to an unexpected object (e.g., a gorilla walking across a basketball court). |
| the illusion of attention | most of us experience far less of our visual world than we think we do |
| formal implicit scientific theory | A belief grounded in a body of empirical research, as opposed to a common-sense or naive theory |
| common sense or naive theories | An implicit, everyday belief that influences how individuals reason about events |
| entity theory of intelligence | intelligence is a stable, unchangeable internal characteristic |
| "incremental theory" of intelligence assumes | that intelligence is malleable and can be increased through hard work and effort |
| common-sense theories or beliefs influence | students, parents, teachers, and even experts in different fields |
| Framework theory | A formal explanation that provides a broad perspective and set of assumptions about an area of inquiry |
| Specific theory | A more focused explanation and set of assumptions that deal with a particular area of inquiry |
| Developmental psychopathology | examines when children (and older individuals) deviate from the normal pathway of development |
| The Role of Theory in Forming Research Questions | a theory can help you focus and narrow the scope of inquiry |
| Domain specific expertise | expertise in different areas is not based on an underlying general capability, but rather determined by particular capabilities or experiences within an area. |
| Clinical psychology | integrates science, theory, and practice to treat patients' psychologically based distress |
| Positive psychology | focuses on studying the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive |
| an honest self-assessment of your own assumptions and biases is | an important part ofthe research process |
| Theory May Shape Hypotheses | can help to define particular predictions |
| Cognitive dissonance: conflicting thoughts motivate | to reduce discomfort (or “dissonance") by changing our existing thoughts to bring about a more consistent belief system. |
| Theory and Methodology Reinforce One Another | theory can both define and lead to a methodology and advances in methodology can drive changes in theory |
| Methodology | The body of practice, procedures, and rules that regulate a discipline |
| In looking time methodology, babies are presented with an object, photo, or short event (called a "novel visual event") until | they tire of looking at it, known as habituation |
| Habituation | Diminished response to a stimulus that comes about through repeated exposure to that stimulus |
| the theory that leads researchers to select the preferential looking methodology is the notion that babies are smart and that | they come into the world equipped with numerous understandings about how their environment works |
| twin study methods are also based on a fundamental assumption | that a range of behaviors and traits is largely genetically determined |
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james22222222