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NPTE:Disease/Disorde
Understanding & PT Role in various diseases & disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Hemochromatosis | An autosomal recessive hereditary disorder characterized by excessive iron absorption by small intestine |
| Define Anemia | An abnormality of quality or quantity of blood |
| Define Sickle-cell Disease | Refers to a group of inherited, autosomal recessive disorders in which RBCs are crescent/sickle shaped instead of biconcave |
| Define Hemophilia | A bleeding disorder inherited as sex-linked autosomal recessive trait, abnormality of plasma clotting proteins |
| Define Thrombocytopenia | An increase in number of circulating platelets, caused by inadequate platelet production from bone marrow & spleen |
| An increase in INTRAvascular fluid will lead to... | CHF, increased pulse, & increased respiration |
| A decrease in INTRAvascular fluid will lead to... | Decreased BP, increased pulse & increased respiration |
| An increase in EXTRAvascular fluid will lead to... | Edema, Ascites, Pleural Effusion |
| A decrease in EXTRAvascular fluid will lead to... | Decreased skin turgor & fatigue |
| Define Upper Urinary Tract Infection | An infection of the urinary tract located at kidney & ureters |
| Define Lower Urinary Tract | An infection of urinary tract located at bladder & urethra |
| Define Functional Incontinence | Person has normal urine control but is unwilling or has difficulty reaching toilet in time bc of muscle/joint dysfuntion or environmental barriers |
| Define Stress Incontinence | Loss of urine due to activities that increase intraabdominal pressure such as coughing, lifting, or laughing |
| Define Urge Incontinence | The sudden unexpected urge to urinate & the uncontrolled loss of urine; often related to reduced bladder capacity, detrusor instability, or hypersensitive bladder |
| Define Overflow Incontinence | The constant leaking of urine from a bladder that is full but unable to empty |
| List Reasons for Overflow Incontinence | Anatomic obstruction (ie-prostate enlargement) Neurogenic bladder (ie-SCI) |
| Define Interstitial Cystitis | Complex, chronic disorder characterized by inflamed or irritated bladder wall |
| Define Pyelonephritis | an infectious, inflammatory disease involving the kidney parenchyma and renal pelvis |
| Define Dialysis Dysequilibrium | Result of drastic changes at beginning of dialysis; S&S include nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, HA, & seizures |
| Define Dialysis Dementia | Result of chronic tx; S&S include cerebral dysfunction, speech difficulties, mental confusion, seizures & occasionally death |
| PT Role in Management of pt receiving Dialysis... | Record vitals while pt exercising Do NOT take BP at shunt site Avoid trauma to peritoneal catheters |
| Define Type I Diabetes | Decrease in size & number of Islet cells of pancreas resulting in inadequate production of insulin |
| Define Type II Diabetes | Characterized by a gradual increase in peripheral insulin resistance with an insulin-secretory defect that varies in severity |
| In which type of Diabetes are pts considered Insulin Dependent? | Type I Diabetes |
| Which type of Diabetes are pt's at risk for if they are obese adults? | Type II Diabetes |
| Signs of Hyperglycemia | CNS changes: irritability, HA, blurred vision, slurred speech, difficulty concentrating, confusion, incoordination Sympathetic: diaphoresis, pallor, piloerection, tachycardia, shakiness, hunger |
| List Classic Signs & Symptoms of DM | Hyperglycemia, Glycosuria, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia & wt loss, fatigue |
| Clinical signs & symptoms of Hyperglycemia | CNS changes; confusion, diminished reflexes, paresthia,Fruity odor to breath, weakness, complaint of thirst, rapid weak pulse, rapid deep inspirations |
| What is the leading cause of blindness in ages 20-74? | Diabetes |
| What is the leading cause of non-traumatic LE amputation and End-stage Renal disease? | Diabetes |
| A pt with DM should NOT exercise when... | Blood glucose levels are high (at or near 250mg/dL) OR Urine test is positive for ketones |
| What is considered the most common pathological hormone deficiency? | Hypothyroidism |
| Define Cretinism | Congenital Hypothyroidism |
| Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism | Nervousness, Hyperreflexia, wt loss, hunger, heat intolerance, palpitations, bounding pulse, tachycardia, diarrhea, increase metabolic processes, possible exercise intolerance |
| Symptoms of Hypothyroidism | Wt gain, increased appetite, lethargy & fatigue, Low BP, cold intolerance, dry skin & hair, goiter, possible exercise intolerance/exercise induced myalgia, reduced CO |
| Define Acromegaly | Result of increased & unregulated growth hormone (GH) production, usually cause by GH-secreting pituitary tumor |
| Signs & Symptoms of Acromegaly | Acral growth;enlargement of facial bone structure, enlarged hands & feet; visceral outgrowth macroglossia, enlarged heart mm, thyroid, liver, kidney; insulin antagonism, nitrogen retention, increased risk colon polyps/tumor |
| Adrenal Hypofunction is also referred to as... | Addson's Disease |
| Excessive production of Androgens is also known as... | Adrenal Virilism |
| Excessive secretion of Glucocorticosteroids is also known as... | Cushing's Syndrome |
| Excessive Aldosterone production is known as... | Hyperaldosteronism |
| Define Adrenal Crisis | Medical Emergency: characterized by profound asthenia, severe pains in abdomen, lower back, legs, peripheral vascular compromise & eventual renal shutdown |
| Signs & Symptoms of Adrenal Virilism | Hirsutism, baldness, acne, deepening of voice, amenorrhea, atrophy of uterus, clitoral hypertrophy, decreased breast size increased muscularity (occurs in men & women) |
| Signs & Symptoms of Cushing's Syndrome | "moon face" & "buffalo hump", muscle wasting & weakness, truncal obesity, HTN, thin/atrophic skin with poor wound healing, osteoporosis, glucose intolerance, psychiatric disturbances |
| List common clinical causes for fluid & electrolyte imbalances | Burns, surgery, DM, malignancy, acute alcoholism, socioeconomic status, dehydration, edema, fatigue, BP changes, CHF |
| PT role in Complex Disorders (CRPS, Fibromyalgia etc.) | Increase function, improve sleep thru relaxation techniques, energy conservation, ergonomic education, decrease pain & fatigue, soft-tissue & joints mobs, carefully controlled, graded exercises, lifestyle modifications esp to reduce stress |
Created by:
zimrizzle
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