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Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nerve cells are called ___ | neurons |
| The study of the nerve system is called ___ | neurology |
| The nervous system is responsible for communicating with all other body systems to control and maintain ___ | homeostasis |
| The nervous system communicates through messages called nerve ___ | impulses |
| Which function of the nervous system involves detecting changes (stimuli) by receptors? | sensory |
| Which function of the nervous system analyzes sensory information & makes decisions? | integration |
| Which function of the nervous system initiates a response by activating effectors? | motor |
| Muscles, organs, and glands that respond to nerve impulses are called ___ | effectors |
| Which division of the nervous system is the control center and includes the brain and spinal cord? | CNS |
| Which division of the nervous system is made up of cranial and spinal cord nerves to carry message to and from the brain & spinal cord and the other body organs/systems? | PNS |
| Which division of the PNS carries messages TO the CNS? | sensory |
| Which division of the PNS carries messages FROM the CNS? | motor |
| The sensory division is ___ | afferent |
| Which motor division sends messages to skeletal muscles? | somatic |
| Which motor division sends messages to visceral organs (smooth&cardiac muscle)? | autonomic |
| The somatic division is ___ | voluntary |
| Which autonomic division is called fight or flight? | sympathetic |
| Which autonomic division is called rest and digest? | parasympathetic |
| Which autonomic division speeds up the heart rate? | sympathetic |
| Nervous cells that send and receive messages are called ___ | neurons |
| Support cells that support and protect nerve cells are collectively called ___ cells | neuroglial |
| Which support cells are the most abundant? | astrocytes |
| Which support cells engulf foreign substances? | microglial |
| Which support cells line the cavities and have cilia to move CSF? | ependymal |
| Which support cells make myelin? | oligodendrocytes, schwann cells |
| Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus and organelles? | cell body (soma) |
| Which part of the neuron receives messages? | dendrites |
| Which part of the neuron sends messages? | axon |
| Which part of the neuron can be myelinated? | axon |
| What is the name of the gaps in the myelin? | node of Ranvier |
| What does an axon in the PNS have that the CNS axons do not have that allows the neurons of the PNS to repair themselves while the CNS neurons cannot? | neurilemma |
| A resting cell has more of which ions on the outside of the cell membrane? | sodium |
| When a cell is sending a message, which protein channel gates open? | sodium |
| When a cell is finished sending a message, which protein channel gates open? | potassium |
| As the ions move, the charge on the cell membrane changes. This is the electrochemical message or the ___ that travels down the cell. | nerve impulse |
| What allows the nerve impulse to travel across the gap between two cells? | neurotransmitters |
| What is the sending neuron at a synapse called? | presynaptic |
| What is the receiving neuron at a synapse called? | postsynaptic |
| What happens to the neurotransmitters once the message is received by the postsynaptic neuron? | The neurotransmitters are broken down by axons or reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron or they diffuse away from the synapse. |
| What are some things that can slow down nerve impulses? | small fibers, unmyelinated fibers, cold, pressure |
| Which autoimmune disease is associated with myelin being destroyed? | multiple sclerosis |
| Chemicals that make the postsynaptic neuron more likely to be stimulated are called ___ | excitatory |
| Chemicals that make the postsynaptic neuron less likely to be stimulated are called ___ | inhibitory |
| Name some natural excitatory "feel good" neurotransmitters in the brain | ACh, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine |
| Name some natural inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain | serotonin, endorphins, enkephalins |
| Name diseases associated with imbalances of neurotransmitters | depression, anxiety, eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia, OCD, ADHD, autism, bipolar, schizophrenia |
| How do drugs help people with the disorders/diseases listed in #45? | They block the enzymes that break down the neurotransmitters that are low or they block the reuptake of the low neurotransmitters. This allows the low neurotransmitters to stay in the synapse longer. |
| What determines a person's intelligence? | The number of neuron connections that they can make. |
| Which brain region is the large, superior, anterior part? | Cerebrum |
| Which brain region is the inferior, posterior part? | Cerebellum |
| Which brain region is the middle part of the brain? | Diencephalon |
| Which brain region connects to the spinal cord at the base of the brain? | Brain stem |
| Which brain region is responsible for thinking, planning, speaking, conscience, understanding? | Cerebrum |
| Which brain region contains the vital reflexes center that are necessary for life? | Brain stem |
| The thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus are parts of which brain region? | Diencephalon |
| Which diencephalon region relays messages to the proper region of the brain? | Thalamus |
| Which brain regions contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata? | Brain stem |
Created by:
mlmurray
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