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Chap 15
Chap 15 - Abnormal Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biopsychosocial Model | a way of understanding mental disorders by looking at biology, thoughts/feelings, and life situations together |
| ICD-10 | a worldwide medical book that lists all illnesses, including mental disorders |
| Personality Disorder | a long-term pattern of unhealthy, rigid behaviors that make it hard to get along with others or handle life |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | constant, ongoing worry about many things, even when there is little reason |
| Panic Disorder | frequent anxiety with sudden panic attacks (intense fear with physical symptoms) |
| Hyperventilation | breathing too fast or too deeply |
| Agoraphobia | a strong fear of places where escape might be hard - often open or public spaces |
| Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder) | strong fear of being judged by others; avoiding social situations |
| Phobia | an intense fear that disrupts normal life |
| Exposure Therapy/Systematic Desensitization | slowly helping people face their fears until the fear decreases |
| Obsession | unwanted, repeated thoughts that won't go away |
| Compulsion | repetitive behaviors someone feels forced to do to reduce anxiety |
| Physical Dependence | the body gets used to a drug, and stopping it causes withdrawal symptoms |
| Addiction/Substance Use Disorder | being unable to stop a harmful habit or drug use |
| Psychological Dependence | a strong mental or emotional craving for a drug, without physical withdrawal |
| Methadone | a medicine used to replace stronger opiates like heroin to reduce withdrawal |
| Antabuse | a medicine for alcohol use disorder that makes someone feel sick if they drink |
| Major Depression | lasting sadness and loss of interest or motivation for weeks or longer |
| Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) | depression that returns during the same season each year (often winter) |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | antidepressants that increase serotonin by blocking its reuptake |
| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) | antidepressants that stop the breakdown of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy | a treatment using brief electrical shocks that cause a controlled seizure to ease severe depression |
| Bipolar Disorder | a person switches between depression and mania |
| Mania | a state of high energy, impulsive behavior, and sometimes irritability |
| Schizophrenia | a brain disorder involving distorted thinking, hallucination, and loss of touch with reality |
| Positive Symptoms | behaviors that appear (hallucinations) |
| Negative Symptoms | behaviors that are missing (lack of emotion) |
| Hallucinations | sensing something that isn't actually there |
| Delusion | a strong belief that is clearly false |
| Delusion of Persecution | believing people are trying to harm or spy on you |
| Delusion of Grandeur | believing you are extremely important or powerful |
| Delusion of Reference | believing random messages or events are aimed directly at you |
| Copy Number Variant | a small piece of a chromosome is missing or repeated, which can affect development |
| Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis | the idea that schizophrenia comes from problems in early brain development |
| Season-of-Birth Effect | being born in winter or early spring slightly increases the chance of schizophrenia |
| Antipsychotic Drug | medication that reduces symptoms of schizophrenia |
| Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia | the idea that too much dopamine activity in certain brain areas causes schizophrenia |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | uncontrollable shaking or movements caused by long-term antipsychotic use |
| Psychotherapy | talking with a trained therapist to understand and improve mental health |
| Empirically Supported Treatments | therapies proven by research to work |
| Psychodynamic Therapies | focus on understanding hidden or unconscious conflicts |
| Psychoanalysis | a type of psychodynamic therapy that uncovers unconscious thoughts and feelings |
| Free Association | saying whatever comes to mind without filtering it |
| Dream Analysis | looking for meaning in dreams as clues to unconscious thoughts |
| Transference | when a client treats their therapist like someone from their past (parent, partner, etc.) |
| Behavior Therapy | setting a clear goal and using learning techniques to reach it |
| Cognitive Therapy | changing the way a person thinks about events to improve their mood |
| Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | combines changing thoughts and changing behaviors |
| Person-Centered Therapy | therapist offers complete acceptance to help clients understand themselves |
| Family Systems Therapy | treats the family as a unit; problems come from family patterns |
| Eclectic Therapy | mixing techniques from different types of therapy |
| Spontaneous Remission | getting better without treatment |
| Prevention | stopping problems before they start |
| Intervention | catching a problem early and treating it |
| Deinstitutionalization | moving people out of large mental hospitals and into community care |
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