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Chap 7
Chap 7 - Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Memory | keeping information in your mind |
| Cued Recall | you get a hint that helps you remember something |
| Recognition | you pick the right answer from a list of choices |
| Savings Method | you learn something faster the second time, showing you remembered some of it |
| Free Recall | you must remember and say the answer without hints (like an essay question) |
| Explicit/Direct Memory | memories you can clearly remember and state |
| Implicit/Indirect Memory | past experiences affect your behavior, even if you don't realize it |
| Priming | seeing/hearing a word makes you more likely to use it soon after |
| Procedural Memories | memories of how to do things (like riding a bike) |
| Declarative Memories | memories you can easily talk about (facts, events) |
| Information-Processing Model | the idea that the mind takes in information, process it, and stores it |
| Sensory Store | very brief memory from your senses (like a quick mental snapshot) |
| Short-term Memory | temporary memory for things you just heard or saw |
| Long-term Memory | long-lasting storage of information |
| Semantic Memory | memory of facts and general knowledge |
| Episodic Memory | memory of personal events from your life |
| Source Amnesia | remembering something but forgetting where you learned it |
| Chunking | grouping items together to remember them more easily |
| Working Memory | holding and using information right now (like doing math in your head) |
| Executive Functioning | skills that help you control your attention and focus |
| Primacy Effect | better memory for the first items in a list |
| Recency Effect | better memory for the last items in a list |
| Depth of Processing Principle | you remember things better when you think deeply about them |
| Retrieval Cues | helpful reminders that trigger memories later |
| Encoding Specificity Principle | you remember something better when the situation is similar to when you first learned it |
| Mnemonic Device | a trick or strategy that helps you remember (like acronyms or rhymes) |
| Method of Loci | you imagine placing things you want to remember in different locations in your mind |
| Consolidation | turning short-term memories into long-term memories |
| Hypermnesia | remembering more details over time |
| Reconstruction | you rebuild a memory using pieces of what happened plus your own guesses to fill in the gaps |
| Hindsight Bias | after something happens, you feel as though you knew it all along |
| Proactive Interference | old information gets in the way of learning new information |
| Retroactive Interference | new information makes it harder to remember old information |
| Recovered Memories | memories you forgot for a long time that come back, often from therapy techniques |
| Repression | pushing painful or unacceptable memories out of awareness |
| Dissociation | you have the memory stores, but you can't bring it to mind |
| False Memory | remembering something that didn't actually happen |
| Amnesia | loss of memory |
| Hippocampus | part of the brain important for forming and retrieving long-term memories |
| Anterograde Amnesia | you can't form new long-term memories |
| Retrograde Amnesia | you lose memories from right before the damage happened |
| Korsakoff's Syndrome | memory problems caused by severe vitamin B deficiency, usually from long-term alcoholism |
| Confabulations | making up stories to fill in memory gaps (not lying on purpose) |
| Early Childhood/Infantile Amnesia | most people can't remember events from when they were very young |
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