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perception psych
vocab words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| perception | the process by which our brain organizes and interprets sensory info, changing it into meaningful objects and events |
| bottom up processing | a way our brain makes sense of info by starting with the small details and then building up to a complete perception |
| top down processing | interpreting sensory information based on the larger context, prior knowledge, and expectations |
| selective attention | the process of focusing on a specific aspect of info while ignoring others |
| cocktail party effect | our ability to focus on a single conversation in a noisy environment,like a crowded party while tuning out other stimuli (hearing your name and knowing you have to lock in) |
| inattentional blindness | an individual fails to notice an unexpected stimulus in their visual field when their attention is focused on something |
| change blindness | the failure to notice large changes in ones environment when the change occurs simultaneously with a visual disruption |
| schemas | mental framework that helps us organize and interpret info in the world around us |
| perceptual set | a tendency to perceive or notice some aspects of the available sensory data and ignore others |
| gestalt psychology | we perceive whole objects or figures rather than just a collection of parts |
| figure-ground | The ability to distinguish an object from its surroundings |
| binocular depth cues | visual info that requires both eyes to perceive depth and distance |
| retinal disparity | when each eye sees a slightly different picture because of their separate position on our face |
| convergence | when our eyes move inward toward each other to focus close on an object |
| monocular depth cues | visual indicators of distance & space that can be perceived using just 1 eye |
| relative clarity | a depth cue where objects that are clearer and more detailed are perceived as closer while objects that are hazier or less clear seem farther away |
| relative size | a visual cue where objects closer to us appear larger while objects farther away appear smaller |
| texture gradient | the way we perceive texture to become denser and finer as it recedes into the distance |
| linear perspective | a depth cue where parallel lines appear to converge as they recede into the distance |
| interposition | occurs when 1 object overlaps another leading them to perceive the overlapping objects as closer |
| perceptual constancies | our brains ability to see objects as unchanging even when the image on our retina (like size, color,and shape changes) |
| shape constancy | our ability to perceive an object as having the same shape, even when our angle of view or distance from which we se the object changes |
| size constancy | our perception that an object remains the same size even when its distance from us changes |
| color constancy | ability to perceive colors of objects as stable under varying light conditions |
| apparent movement | the perception of motion when there is not any actual movements |
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