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psy 400 Ch1p16 to 20
Conducting Your Own Research to Evaluate Claims
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| conducting your own research is the best way to gain | a more sophisticated understanding of and the potential problems associated with a particular research study |
| Researchers must compromise on | issues involving participant selection or experimental design because of a number of different constraints |
| a number of different constraints (no research study is perfect) | include a lack of resources, difficulty in obtaining the desired population, or concerns with safety and confidentiality |
| consumer of research must learn to evaluate whether the limitations in the study | make it difficult to draw reasonable conclusions from the data |
| flaws in the research may render | conclusions provided by the researchers unsubstantiated or not generalized much beyond the context of the original study |
| Pseudoscience | Explanation looks scientific, but does not fundamentally conform to valid scientific methods |
| Any technology distinguishable from magic is | insufficiently advanced |
| The Goals of Science | Description, Explanation, Prediction |
| Prediction | What would happen if we were to use words that are not color terms, but might suggest colors |
| Explanation | Why does a conflict between a color word and its ink color lead to longer color-naming times? |
| Description | What happens when we present respondents with color words that conflict with their meaning |
| Scientific method | seeks to generate explanations for observable phenomena with an emphasis on objectivity and verifiable evidence. |
| Objectivity | quest truth, rather than as an attempt to find results that support one’s own beliefs or theory |
| Scientific method uses a public manner, | based on established procedures and past knowledge, and driven by a quest for knowledge and truth |
| subjectivity | standpoint of an individual's own beliefs, experiences, and interpretations |
| Although complete objectivity is impossible | the research enterprise should be driven as much as possible by data rather than your own biases. |
| Reliability | an investigation or measurement tool yields consistent findings if researchers use the same procedures and methods |
| If a result is obtained only by a single researcher or single research team working in one laboratory and cannot be | confirmed by other, independent laboratories—then there is reason for skepticism. |
| science, if performed correctly, yields results that can be replicated widely, | whereas pseudoscience is more likely to yield results that are not replicable. |
| public realm | laboratory groups, presented at national and international conferences, and published in journals |
| the central role of explanation in science | based on established principles and past knowledge |
| pseudoscientific claims | not testable or are based on an individuals claims that cannot be supported by actual data and rigorous testing |
| pseudoscience asks | the consumer to‘‘believe’ |
| individuals involved in science are generally searching | for knowledge and truth |
| pseudoscience | supports for a particular idea or belief or to test the products themselves |
| testimonial evidence (particularly from celebrities) | should send up a red flag |
| testimonials are incredibly persuasive but also harmful to society, | leading to investments of time and resources in disreputable products and ideas |
| claims from vivid testimonial evidence can overwhelm people’s weighting of solid, scientifically grounded data | accepting anecdotal information over base-rate data |
Created by:
james22222222