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Chap 14
Chap 14 - Personality
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Personality | the usual ways people differ from each other in how they think, feel, and act |
| Psychodynamic Theory | the idea that personality comes from inner conflicts, some of which we aren't aware of |
| Psychoanalysis | a method for understanding and treating personality by exploring the unconscious mind |
| Oedipus Complex | when a boy feels attraction toward his mother and jealousy toward his father |
| Psychosexual Pleasure | pleasure that comes from different parts of the body |
| Libido | sexual/psychosexual energy |
| Fixation | being "stuck" on a certain stage of development because needs in that stage were not met |
| Oral Stage (0-1.5 yrs) | pleasure from the mouth (sucking, eating) |
| Anal Stage (1.5-3 yrs) | pleasure from bowel movements and control |
| Phallic Stage (3-5 yrs) | kids notice and play with their genitals |
| Latent Period (5-6 yrs) | sexual interests go quiet; focus on school and friends |
| Genital Stage (puberty+) | sexual interest toward other people returns in a mature way |
| Id | basic biological drives (wants what feels good right now) |
| Ego | the realistic, decision-making part of personality |
| Superego | the part that holds rules, morals, etc. |
| Defense Mechanisms | ways the ego tries to reduce anxiety by hiding uncomfortable thoughts |
| Repression | pushing painful thoughts into the unconscious |
| Denial | refusing to accept something unpleasant |
| Rationalization | making excuses to justify actions |
| Displacement | taking your feelings out on a safer target |
| Regression | acting younger than you actually are |
| Projection | accusing others of having traits you actually have |
| Reaction Formation | acting opposite of how you really feel |
| Sublimation | turning unwanted energies into acceptable activities |
| Transference | directing feelings from a past relationship onto someone in the present |
| Neo-Freudians | psychologists who agreed with some of Freud's ideas but changed others |
| Collective Unconscious | shared human memories passed down through generations |
| Archetypes | universal symbols or images that all humans recognize |
| Individual Psychology | looking at the person as a whole, not separate parts |
| Inferiority Complex | strong feelings of not being good enough |
| Striving for Superiority | desire to improve and succeed |
| Social Interest | caring about others and wanting to help society |
| Humanistic Psychology | focuses on personal growth, free choice, and becoming your best self |
| Self-Concept | how you see yourself now |
| Ideal Self | how you want to be |
| Self-Actualization | becoming the best version of yourself |
| Nomothetic Approach | studies general rules that apply to most people |
| Ideographic Approach | studies individuals in detail |
| Trait | a stable behavior pattern |
| State | a temporary behavior or feeling |
| Trait Approach | idea that people have consistent personality traits |
| Belief in a Just World | belief that people get what they deserve |
| Self-Esteem | how you judge your own worth or abilities |
| Five Factor Model | 5 main traits: emotional stability, extraversion. conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness |
| Emotional Stability | staying calm and not easily upset |
| Neuroticism | tendency to feel negative emotions |
| Agreeableness | being kind and helpful |
| Conscientiousness | being organized, responsible, and hardworking |
| Openness to Experience | enjoying new ideas and activities |
| Unshared Environment | experiences that make people different even if they grow up together |
| Barnum Effect | believing vague statements that could apply to anyone |
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) | a true/false test used to measure traits linked to mental health |
| Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) | a popular personality test based on types (not very scientific) |
| Projective Techniques | tests where people respond to unclear images so their personality "shows through" |
| Implicit Personality Test | measures personality through automatic or subtle responses |
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