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Exercise Metabolism2
Recovery From Exercise: Metabolic Responses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ________________ remains elevated above rest into recovery | Oxygen uptake |
| Oxygen debt | Repayment for O2 deficit at onset of exercise (Term used by A.V. Hill) |
| Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) | Terminology reflects that only ~20% elevated O2 consumption used to “repay” O2 deficit |
| What is the "rapid” portion of O2 debt | 1)Resynthesis of stored PC 2) Replenishing muscle and blood O2 stores |
| What's the "slow” portion of O2 debt | 1) Elevated H.R.and breathing = increase energy need 2) Elevated BT= increase metabolic rate 3) Elevated epinephrine and norepinephrine = increases metabolic rate 4)Conversion of lactic acid to glucose (gluconeogenesis) |
| Gluconeogenesis | Conversion of lactic acid to glucose |
| EPOC is Greater Following Higher Intensity Exercise (T or F) | true |
| Why is EPOC greater after a higher intensity Exercise? | 1) Higher body temperature 2) Greater depletion of PC 3) Greater blood concentrations of lactic acid 4) Higher levels of blood epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| How's Lactic Acid removed following exercise (Classical Theory) | Majority of lactic acid converted to glucose in liver |
| How's Lactic Acid removed following exercise (Recent Evidence) | * 70% of lactic acid is oxidized (used as a substrate by heart and skeletal muscle) * 20% converted to glucose * 10% converted to amino acids |
| Lactic acid is removed more rapidly with ____ ______ in recovery | light exercise (Optimal intensity is ~30–40% VO2 max) |
| Metabolic Responses to Short-Term Exercise | 1–5 sec.:ATP through ATP-PC system |
| Metabolic Responses to Short-Term, intense Exercise (1-5 sec) | ATP through ATP-PC system |
| Metabolic Responses to Short-Term, intense Exercise (>5 sec) | *Shift to ATP production via glycolysis |
| Metabolic Responses to Short-Term, intense Exercise (>45 sec) | * ATP production through ATP-PC, glycolysis, and aerobic systems |
| Metabolic Responses to Short-Term, intense Exercise (60+ sec) | 70% anaerobic/30% aerobic at 60 seconds 50% anaerobic/50% aerobic at 2 minutes |
| During high-intensity, short-term exercise (2-20 sec), the muscle’s ATP production is dominated by the | ATP-PC system |
| Intense exercise lasting more than 20 sec relies more on _______ __________ to produce much of the needed ATP. | anaerobic glycolysis |
| High-intensity events ( > 45 sec), use a combination of the ____-___ _______, _______, and the ______ _______ to produce the needed ATP for _______ _________. | ATP-PC system; glycolysis; aerobic system; muscular contraction |
| Prolonged exercise (>10 minutes), ATP production primarily from ______ ___________. | aerobic metabolism |
| Prolonged exercise in a hot/humid environment or at high intensity, oxygen uptake has a ____ ___ over time. | upward drift |
| Increase in O2 upatake during prolonged exercise in a hot/humid environment or at high intensity is casued by | increase in body temperature and rising epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
| During to Incremental Exercise, O2 uptake | increases linearly until maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is reached. |
| VO2 max | * No further increase in VO2 with increasing work rate *"Physiological ceiling” for delivery of O2 to muscle |
| VO2 max is affected by | genetics and training |
| Physiological factors that influence VO2 max | * Maximum ability of cardiorespiratory system to deliver oxygen to the muscle * Ability of muscles to use oxygen and produce ATP aerobically |
| Lactate Threshold | The point at which blood lactic acid rises systematically during incremental exercise |
| In Untrained subjects, Lactate Thresehold appears | at ~50–60% VO2 max |
| In trained subjects, Lactate Thresehold appears | At higher work rates (65–80% VO2 max) |
| Lactate Threshold is aka | Anaerobic threshold or Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) |
| Blood lactate levels reach | 4 mmol/L |
| Mechanisms to explain Lactate threshold: Accelerated glycolysis | * NADH produced faster than it is shuttled into mitochondria * Excess NADH in cytoplasm converts pyruvic acid to lactic acid |
| Mechanisms to explain Lactate threshold: Recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fibers | LDH isozyme in fast fibers promotes lactic acid formation |
| Practical Uses of the Lactate Threshold | *Prediction of performance (Combined with VO2 max) * Planning training programs (marker of training intensity) |
| Practical Uses of the Lactate Threshold | *Prediction of performance (Combined with VO2 max) * Planning training programs (marker of training intensity) |
| Any one or a combination of the following factors might provide an explanation for the lactate threshold: | (1) low muscle oxygen, (2) accelerated glycolysis, (3) recruitment of fast fibers, and (4) a reduced rate of lactate removal. |
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Angelface7717
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