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Unit 3c & 3d Vocab
Muscle Energy & Thermoregulation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Muscle | organs that help us move our skeletal system |
| Mitochondria | Cell organelle that performs cellular respiration |
| How the number of mitochondria in muscles compare to other cell types | Muscles have more mitochondria than other cells because they are more active and require more ATP |
| Cellular Respiration | the process that makes ATP in all living things |
| Reactants/Inputs of Cellular Respiration | glucose and oxygen |
| Products/Outputs of Cellular Respiration | water, carbon dioxide, and ATP |
| Effect of exercise on heart rate | exercise increases heart rate |
| Why our heart beats faster during exercise | to speed up the transport of glucose and oxygen to our cells so we can do more cellular respiration to make more ATP |
| Muscle Fatgue | when muscles feel tired after exercising |
| Aerobic respiration | cellular respiration using oxygen; makes 36 ATP |
| Anaerobic respirations are | cellular respiration without oxygen; makes 2 ATP |
| Cause of muscle fatigue | buildup of waste products in cells |
| Blood glucose | the amount of glucose in our blood |
| Effect of eating on blood glucose levels | eating increases blood glucose |
| Pancreas | gland of the endocrine system that makes hormones that control blood glucose |
| Insulin | hormone made by the pancreas that lowers blood sugar |
| Glucagon | hormone made by the pancreas that raises blood sugar |
| How insulin lowers blood sugar | tells cells to take in more sugar |
| How glucagon raises blood sugar | tells liver and muscles to break down glycogen |
| Glycogen | the polysaccharide in which humans and other animals store extra sugar; a polymer made of glucose monomers; stored in liver and muscles |
| Feedback mechanism | a process that helps living things maintain homeostasis using a sensor to detect a stimulus and then cause a response |
| Stimulus | a change in the internal or external environment |
| Response | a reaction toa stimulus |
| Sensor | part of the body that detects a stimulus |
| Identify the sensor, stimulus, and response to low blood sugar | Sensor- pancreas, stimulus- low blood sugar, response-release glucagon |
| Identify the sensor, stimulus, and response to high blood sugar | Sensor-pancreas, stimulus- high blood sugar, response-release insulin |
| Identify 3 responses to cold temperature exposure | blood vessels constrict, sweating stops, shivering |
| Identify 2 responses to hot temperature exposure | blood vessels dilate, sweating starts, |
| Endocrine system function | maintain homeostasis by responding to stimuli |
| Hormone | chemical messenger protein |
| Gland | organ that makes hormones |
| Target Cell | the cell that a hormone sends a message to |
| Target Organ | the location a hormone message must travel to |
| Receptor | protein on the surface of a cell that receives messages from hormones |
| How the circulatory system helps the endocrine system | Hormones travel from glands to target organs through the circulatory system |
| Diabetes | condition caused by high levels of blood glucose over a long period of time |
| Thermoregulation | how we regulate body temperature |
| Hyperthermia | too hot |
| Hypothermia | too cold |
| Dilation | getting bigger |
| Constriction | getting smaller |
Created by:
nldenissoff
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