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Osmoregulation
Review of Osmoregulation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diffusion | The PASSIVE movement of particles (molecules/ compounds)from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached |
| Equilibrium | Solutes and solvents are equal on both sides of a membrane |
| Osmosis | The specific passive diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane |
| Homeostasis | The process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment, despite changes in the external environment |
| Passive Transport | Movement of substances across a cell membrane that does not require the cell to use energy (ATP) (Diffusion and Osmosis) |
| Active Transport | Movement of substances that requires the cell to use energy (ATP), often moving against the concentration gradient from low to high concentrations. |
| Selectively Permeable | A property of the cell membrane that allows some substances (like water and glucose) to pass through while keeping others (like large proteins) out. |
| Excretion | The process of removing metabolic waste products (like urea) and excess substances (like water/salts) from an organism to maintain homeostasis |
| Hypertonic Solution | A solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell's cytoplasm, causing water to exit the cell, leading to crenation and plasmolysis |
| Crenation | the process where a cell shrinks and its surface becomes notched or scalloped, usually caused by water loss through osmosis when placed in a hypertonic solution Cell Shrinks |
| Plasmolysis | the process in a plant cell where the cytoplasm shrinks away from the cell wall due to a loss of water in a hypertonic environment. |
| Hypotonic Solution | A solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell's cytoplasm, causing water to enter the cell. -Cell swells |
| Isotonic Solution | A solution with an equal solute concentration to the cell's cytoplasm, meaning water moves in and out at equal rates -Cell stays the same |
| A freshwater paramecium (single celled organism) is suddenly placed into a beaker of salt water. What is the most likely immediate effect on the organism? | It will shrivel and water moves out of the cell |
| In humans, the nephrons in the kidneys are responsible for the filtration of blood and the reabsorptions of necessary water and solutes. This is an example of which life process? | Excretion |
| Why do large, complex molecules like starch and protein must be digested before they enter a cell? | Large molecules have to be broken down into smaller units, like glucose and amino acids, so they can fit through the cell membrane by diffusion, |
| A student observes that a potato slice has shrunk and become more flexible after soaking over night. Explain why, | The potato was in a hypertonic solution. Osmosis caused water to move out of the potato cells, because the concentration of water was higher inside the cell than outside. |
| What is the main purpose of osmosis in cells? | To balance water inside and outside the cell |
| Which organ system helps maintain the balance of water and salts in your body? | Excretory System |
| What happens to a red blood cell if it is placed in a salty solution? | It shrinks |
| Which statement describes diffusion? | Movement of particles from high to low concentration |
| What is the name of the structure that acts as a barrier, controlling what enters and exits the cell? | Cell membrane |
Created by:
LFeldmann
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