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psych module 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the study of the shape and size of the skull? | phrenology |
| who proposed phrenology? | Franz Gall |
| what is the study of the links between biological and psychological processes? | biological psychology |
| what is the brains ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience? | neuroplasticity |
| what is a nerve cell (basic building block of the nervous system?) | neurons |
| what are the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive and integrate messages, conducting impulses toward cell body? | dendrites |
| what is the part of the neuron that contains the nucleus, the cells life support system? | cell body |
| what is a segmented neuron extension that passes through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands? | axon |
| what is the fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop form one node to the next? | myelin sheath |
| what are the cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons? | glial cells |
| what is the brief electrical charge that travels down an axon? | action potential |
| what is the positive-outside/ negative-inside state called? | resting potential |
| what is a brief resting pause that occurs after a neuron has fired? | refractory period |
| what is a neurons reaction of either firing or not firing? | all-or-none response |
| what is the junction between axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron? | synapse |
| what are the chemical messengers that cross synaptic gap between neurons and bind to receptor sites? | neurotransmitters |
| what is a neurotransmitters reabsorption by the sending neuron? | reuptake |
| what two people discovered an opiate drug that elevates mood and eases pain? | candace pert and solomon snyder |
| what are natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and things around us? | endorphins |
| what is a molecule that increases a neurotransmitters action? | agonist |
| what is the communication network that takes in info from the world and the body's tissues, makes decisions, and sends back info and orders to bodys tissues? | nervous system |
| what is formed by the brain and spinal cord, is the body's decision maker? | central nervous system |
| what is responsible for gathering info and for transmitting CNS decisions to other body parts? | peripheral nervous system |
| what neurons carry incoming info from body's tissues and sensory receptors to brain and spinal cord? | sensory neurons |
| what neurons carry outgoing info from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands? | motor neurons |
| what are the neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and process info between sensory inputs and motor outputs? | interneurons |
| what are the 2 components of the peripheral system? | somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system |
| what nervous system enables voluntary control of our skeletal muscles? | somatic nervous system |
| what nervous system controls our glands, internal organs and is "self-regulating"? | autonomic nervous system |
| what are the 2 subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? | sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system |
| what nervous system arouses body and mobilizes its energy? | sympathetic nervous system |
| what nervous system calms the body, conserving its energy? | parasympathetic nervous system |
| what are our automatic responses to stimuli? | reflexes |
| what is the body's "slow" chemical communication system that's a set of glands and fat tissue that secrete hormones into bloodstream? | endocrine system |
| what are chemical messengers that are manufactured by endocrine glands and travel through the bloodstream? | hormones |
| what are a pair of adrenal glands that sit above kidneys, secrete hormones that help arouse body in times of stress? | adrenal glands |
| what is the pea-sized structure in the core of the brain, regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands? | pituitary gland |
| what neurotransmitter enables muscle action? | acetylcholine |
| what neurotransmitter influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion? | dopamine |
| what neurotransmitter affects mood, arousal, hunger, and sleep? | serotonin |
| what neurotransmitter activates body's opiate receptors? | endorphins |
| what neurotransmitter helps control alertness? | norepinephrine |
| what is the inhibitory neurotransmitter? | GABA |
| what neurotransmitter is the excitatory one? | glutamate |
| what hormone is produced by pituitary gland that if you have too much or too little can affect growth? | growth hormone |
| what hormone is produced by parathyroids and increases metabolic rate, growth, and maturation? | parathyroid |
| what is produced in the pancreas and regulates the level of sugar? | insulin |
| what is produced by the ovaries and promotes ovulation and female sexual characteristics? | estrogen |
| what is produced by the testes and promotes sperm production and male sexual characteristics? | androgens |
Created by:
Riley06
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